Search results for "eriytyminen"
showing 10 items of 16 documents
Quantitative genetics of temperature performance curves of Neurospora crassa
2020
AbstractEarth’s temperature is increasing due to anthropogenic CO2emissions; and organisms need either to adapt to higher temperatures, migrate into colder areas, or face extinction. Temperature affects nearly all aspects of an organism’s physiology via its influence on metabolic rate and protein structure, therefore genetic adaptation to increased temperature may be much harder to achieve compared to other abiotic stresses. There is still much to be learned about the evolutionary potential for adaptation to higher temperatures, therefore we studied the quantitative genetics of growth rates in different temperatures that make up the thermal performance curve of the fungal model systemNeuros…
Epigenetic and Genetic Contributions to Adaptation in Chlamydomonas
2017
Epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation or histone modifications, can be transmitted between cellular or organismal generations. However, there are no experiments measuring their role in adaptation, so here we use experimental evolution to investigate how epigenetic variation can contribute to adaptation. We manipulated DNA methylation and histone acetylation in the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii both genetically and chemically to change the amount of epigenetic variation generated or transmitted in adapting populations in three different environments (salt stress, phosphate starvation, and high CO2) for two hundred asexual generations. We find that reducing the …
Introduction of Mysis relicta (Mysida) reduces niche segregation between deep-water Arctic charr morphs
2019
This is a post-peer-review, pre-copyedit version of an article published in Hydrobiologia. The final authenticated version is available online at https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-019-3953-4. Niche diversification of polymorphic Arctic charr can be altered by multiple anthropogenic stressors. The opossum-shrimp (Mysis relicta) was introduced to compensate for reduced food resources for fish following hydropower operations in Lake Limingen, central Norway. Based on habitat use, stomach contents, stable isotopes (δ13C, δ15N) and trophically transmitted parasites, the zooplanktivorous upper water-column dwelling ‘normal’ morph was clearly trophically separated from two sympatric deep-water morphs…
Multidimensional financial development, exporter behavior and export diversification
2020
Financial development shapes export sector performance because exporters need external finance and face credit constraints. Previous empirical research has relied largely on single-country studies. The Exporter Dynamics Database (EDD), which features firm-level exports from over 60 countries, reveals differences in the microstructure of the export sector across countries. In this paper, we first provide new evidence that these differences are related to cross-country variation in financial development and structure. Second, we combine the EDD and multidimensional data on financial development with a global database on export diversification. This study is the first to examine how macrolevel…
Rural livelihood diversification: a solution for poverty in the post‐Soviet rural Baltic states?
2019
This article analyses rural livelihood diversification through a longitudinal follow‐up survey, that targets former collective farm workers in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. It argues, that between 1995 and 2010 the former collective farm workers employed three distinct livelihood diversification strategies in order to create their living. A wage‐based livelihood diversification strategy, which does not include any agricultural practices, was more common among the better‐off households. A farm‐based livelihood diversification strategy, which does not rely on salaries, was more often employed by the poor. A mixed strategy, that combines both wage income and farm activities, was used by both …
Ethnic differences in utilization of online health information sources : A test of the social inequality hypotheses
2023
The goal of the current study was to understand ethnic differences in use of online health information sources. Social stratification and social diversification hypotheses were used as study’s theoretical framework. The data were obtained from the 2017 Israel Social Survey (N = 2166). Multinomial and logistic regression techniques were used for the multivariate analysis. The results suggest that Israeli Arab respondents were less likely than Israeli-born Jewish respondents to seek health information using the Health Funds’ call centers or websites, other websites, and to utilize any number of the online health information sources. The findings provide a strong support for the social strati…
Aposematism facilitates the diversification of parental care strategies in poison frogs
2021
AbstractMany organisms have evolved adaptations to increase the odds of survival of their offspring. Parental care has evolved several times in animals including ectotherms. In amphibians, ~ 10% of species exhibit parental care. Among these, poison frogs (Dendrobatidae) are well-known for their extensive care, which includes egg guarding, larval transport, and specialized tadpole provisioning with trophic eggs. At least one third of dendrobatids displaying aposematism by exhibiting warning coloration that informs potential predators about the presence of defensive skin toxins. Aposematism has a central role in poison frog diversification, including diet specialization, and visual and acoust…
Koulutuksen tasa-arvon muuttuvat merkitykset: Kasvatussosiologian vuosikirja 1
2016
Koulutuskysymysten ymmärtäminen edellyttää yhteiskuntatieteellistä ymmärrystä, kun koulutus kytkeytyy yhä tiiviimmin talouteen, elinkeino- ja työvoimapolitiikkaan sekä väestöjen ja osaamisen hallintaan. Kasvatus- ja koulutussosiologinen tutkimus on Suomessa vahvistunut 1980-luvulta lähtien merkittävästi. Kasvatussosiologiselle ymmärrykselle on tilausta, joskin koulutuspolitiikkaa tehdään paljolti tutkimustuloksista piittaamatta, mikä sekin on sosiologisesti kiinnostava ja yhteiskuntatieteellistä analyysia kaipaava asia! Sosiologisen koulutustutkimuksen vahvistuminen näkyy hyvin kotimaisten tieteellisten konferenssien esitelmätarjonnassa. Suomessa järjestetään vuosittain useita tieteellisiä …
Psykoanalyysi ja kuollut äiti -ilmiö : (r)ajan suhde infantiilin amnesian aikaiseen traumaan
2012
Pro graduni tutkii, miten emotionaalisesti poissaolevan äidin vaikutusta lapsen psykodynamiikkaan ja eriytymisprosessiin tulisi teoreettisesti jäsentää. Tutkimus perustuu psykoanalyyttiseen kirjallisuusaineistoon. Teoreettisena lähestymistapanani toimii André Greenin esittelemä kuollut äiti –ilmiö, joka pohjautuu kliiniseen tarpeeseen ymmärtää rajatilapotilaiden psykodynamiikkaa. Vertailemalla kuollut äiti –ilmiön metodologisia ja epistemologisia erityispiirteitä suhteessa psykoanalyyttisiin lapsiobservaatiotutkimuksiin pyrin luomaan kuvan siitä, miten aika ja ajallisuus sijoittuvat ihmisen mieleen ja millaisia reunaehtoja se asettaa myös psykoterapeuttiselle työskentelylle. Tutkielmassani …
Mortality associations with DNA methylation-based biological aging and physical functioning measures across a 20-year follow-up period
2023
Background Measures of biological aging range from DNA methylation (DNAm)-based estimates to measures of physical abilities. The purpose of this study was to compare DNAm- and physical functioning-based measures of biological aging in predicting mortality. Methods We studied 63- to 76-year-old women (N = 395) from the Finnish Twin Study on Aging (FITSA). Participants’ biological age (epigenetic clocks DNAm GrimAge and DunedinPACE) was estimated using blood DNAm data. Tests of physical functioning conducted under standardized laboratory conditions included the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test and 10-m walk test. Mortality hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated per every one standard deviation (SD) in…