Search results for "erosion"

showing 10 items of 637 documents

The Effect of Hydrology on Soil Erosion

2020

In this Special Issue, we have tried to include manuscripts about soil erosion and degradation processes and the accelerated rates due to hydrological processes and climate change. We considered that the main goal was successfully reached. The new research focused on measurements, modelling, and experiments under field or laboratory conditions developed at different scales (pedon, hillslope, and catchment) were submitted and published. This Special Issue received investigations from different parts of the world such as Ethiopia, Morocco, China, Iran, Italy, Portugal, Greece and Spain, among others. We are happy to see that all papers presented findings characterized as unconventional, provo…

Hydrologylcsh:TD201-500soil erosionlcsh:Hydraulic engineeringLand usehydrological processesdifferent scalesGeography Planning and DevelopmentClimate changeexperimentsAquatic ScienceBiochemistryNatural resourcemodelslcsh:Water supply for domestic and industrial purposesGeographylcsh:TC1-978Soil retrogression and degradationUrbanizationLand degradationSoil conservationSurface runoffWater Science and TechnologyWater
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Time Scale Effects and Interactions of Rainfall Erosivity and Cover Management Factors on Vineyard Soil Loss Erosion in the Semi-Arid Area of Souther…

2019

Several authors describe the effectiveness of cover crop management practice as an important tool to prevent soil erosion, but at the same time, they stress on the high soil loss variability due to the interaction of several factors characterized by large uncertainty. In this paper the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) model is applied to two Sicilian vineyards that are characterized by different topographic factors

Hydrologylcsh:TD201-500soil erosionlcsh:Hydraulic engineeringNDVIGeography Planning and DevelopmentClimate changeRUSLE modelAquatic ScienceBiochemistryVineyardNormalized Difference Vegetation IndexUniversal Soil Loss Equationlcsh:Water supply for domestic and industrial purposeslcsh:TC1-978rainfall erosivity factorErosioncover management factorEnvironmental scienceTemporal scalesSoil conservationCover cropWater Science and TechnologyWater
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Influencia de la litología en los procesos de erosión en <i>badlands</i>. Los casos de Anna (Valencia) y Petrer (Alicante)

1997

By means of experiments with simulated rainfall the hydrological and erosional behaviour of degraded surfaces (badlands) developed on two different parent materials (marls and clays) is studied. On the Keuper clays, the ponding (4'07") and runoff (6' 36") initiation is delayed, the infiltration rates (38.63 mm h<sup>-1</sup>) are high, and the runoff coefficient (11.2 % after 30 minutes and 19.4 % after 60 minutes) and the erosion rates (13 g m<sup>2</sup> h<sup>-1</sup>) are low. On the contrary, over Cretaceous marls, the ponding (1’ 37") and the surface runoff (2' 52") initiation is very rapid, the infiltration rates are low (11.2 mm h<sup>-1<…

Hydrologyparent materialEcologymarlsKeuperhydrologyerosionCretaceousVegetation coverRunoff coefficientsimulated rainfalllcsh:QH540-549.5MarlErosion</keyword><keyword>Badlandsclayslcsh:EcologySurface runoffEcology Evolution Behavior and SystematicsPondingGeologyPirineos: Revista de Ecología de Montaña
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Testing alternative erosivity indices to predict event soil loss from bare plots in Southern Italy

2009

Methods for predicting unit plot soil loss for the ‘Sparacia’ Sicilian (Southern Italy) site were developed using 316 simultaneous measurements of runoff and soil loss from individual bare plots varying in length from 11 to 44 m. The event unit plot soil loss was directly proportional to an erosivity index equal to (QREI30)1·47, being QREI30 the runoff ratio (QR) times the single storm erosion index (EI30). The developed relationship represents a modified version of the USLE-M, and therefore it was named USLE-MM. By the USLE-MM, a constant erodibility coefficient was deduced for plots of different lengths, suggesting that in this case the calculated erodibility factor is representative of a…

Hydrologysoil erosionScale (ratio)predicting soil lorunoff ratioStormSoil lossUniversal Soil Loss Equationerosivity indexSoil waterErosionSettore AGR/08 - Idraulica Agraria E Sistemazioni Idraulico-ForestaliEnvironmental scienceSurface runoffWater Science and TechnologyEvent (probability theory)Hydrological Processes
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In vitro evaluation of poloxamer in situ forming gels for bedaquiline fumarate salt and pharmacokinetics following intramuscular injection in rats

2019

Graphical abstract

In situPO Propylene oxideIV IntravenousP338 Poloxamer 338lcsh:RS1-441Pharmaceutical Sciencechemistry.chemical_compoundn Sample sizeSD Standard deviationIM Intramuscularchemistry.chemical_classificationC0 Analyte plasma concentration at time zeroDoE Design of experimentsUV UltravioletPharmacology. TherapyK2.EDTA Potassium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acidLC–MS/MS Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometryH&E Hematoxylin and eosintmax Sampling time to reach the maximum observed analyte plasma concentrationIn situ forming gelsCMC Critical micellar concentrationCmax Maximum observed analyte plasma concentrationIntramuscular injectionDN Dose normalizedGPT Gel point temperaturePLGA Poly-(DL-lactic-co-glycolic acid)TFA Trifluoroacetic acidCAN AcetonitrileATP Adenosine 5′ triphosphateSalt (chemistry)Polyethylene glycolPoloxamerArticlelcsh:Pharmacy and materia medicaPharmacokineticsIn vivoUHPLC Ultra-high performance liquid chromatographyPharmacokineticsAUClast Area under the analyte concentration versus time curve from time zero to the time of the last measurable (non-below quantification level) concentrationEO Ethylene oxideNMP N-methyl-2-pyrrolidoneComputingMethodologies_COMPUTERGRAPHICSAUC∞ Area under the analyte concentration vs time curve from time zero to infinite timeP407 Poloxamer 407In vitro releasePoloxamerCMT Critical micellar temperatureGel erosionIn vitrot1/2 Apparent terminal elimination half-lifechemistryMDR-TB Multi-drug resistant tuberculosisAUC80h Area under the analyte concentration versus time curve from time zero to 80 htlast Sampling time until the last measurable (non-below quantification level) analyte plasma concentrationMRM Multiple reaction monitoringNuclear chemistrySustained releaseInternational Journal of Pharmaceutics: X
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Scour on Alluvial Bed Downstream of Grade-Control Structures

2004

This paper describes an approach for predicting local scour downstream of grade control structures. The developed analysis applies the incomplete self-similarity (ISS) theory for deducing some physically based dimensionless groups controlling the geometrical pattern of the scour profile. The scour measurements available in the literature in conjunction with numerous unpublished data allow a multiregressive calibration of the ISS relationships. The experimental sample includes different bed grain-size distributions and scales of the erosive phenomenon. The results prove that the ratio between the upstream water head and the weir height is able to explain the measurements of scour depth carri…

Jet (fluid)BedformMechanical Engineeringdimensional analysischeck dam; dimensional analysis; maximum scour depthmaximum scour depthHydraulic headcheck damWeirErosionGeotechnical engineeringAlluviumGeologyWater Science and TechnologyCivil and Structural EngineeringCheck damJournal of Hydraulic Engineering
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A comparison of statistical methods and multi-criteria decision making to map flood hazard susceptibility in Northern Iran

2018

In north of Iran, flood is one of the most important natural hazards that annually inflict great economic damages on humankind infrastructures and natural ecosystems. The Kiasar watershed is known as one of the critical areas in north of Iran, due to numerous floods and waste of water and soil resources, as well as related economic and ecological losses. However, a comprehensive and systematic research to identify flood-prone areas, which may help to establish management and conservation measures, has not been carried out yet. Therefore, this study tested four methods: evidential belief function (EBF), frequency ratio (FR), Technique for Order Preference by Similarity To ideal Solution (TOP…

Kiasar watershedIndex (economics)WatershedEnvironmental managementEnvironmental Engineering010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciencesLand useFlood mythSettore GEO/04 - Geografia Fisica E GeomorfologiaAnalytic hierarchy processTOPSISLand cover010501 environmental sciences01 natural sciencesPollutionModellingNatural hazardNatural hazardStatisticsSoil erosionEnvironmental scienceEnvironmental ChemistryWaste Management and Disposal0105 earth and related environmental sciences
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Influence of soil erosion and landslide occurrence on the CO2 exchange with the atmosphere at the Luquillo Critical Zone Observatory, Puerto Rico

2015

Tropical rainforests play a significant role in the global carbon (C) cycle. The Luquillo Critical Zone Observatory (LCZO) in Puerto Rico is characterized by intense erosion and landslide occurrence, which have been historically influenced by human activity and land use change, and drive the redistribution and burial of soil organic C (SOC) across the landscape. Estimates of regional C budgets do not systematically account for linkages between hydrological, geomorphological, and biogeochemical processes, which control the fate of eroded SOC. We quantify the impacts of erosion and rainfall-triggered landslides on SOC oxidation and accumulation at the Mameyes and Icacos watersheds. We develop…

LandslideErosionhydrological modeling
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Minimum Leading Edge Protection Application Length to Combat Rain-Induced Erosion of Wind Turbine Blades

2021

Leading edge erosion (LEE) repairs of wind turbine blades (WTBs) involve infield application of leading edge protection (LEP) solutions. The industry is currently aiming to use factory based LEP coatings that can applied to the WTBs before they are shipped out for installation. However, one of the main challenges related to these solutions is the choice of a minimum LEP application length to be applied in the spanwise direction of the WTBs. Generally, coating suppliers apply 10–20 m of LEP onto the blades starting from the tip of the blade using the “rule of thumb”, and no studies in the literature exist that stipulate how these LEP lengths can be calculated. In this study, we extend the sc…

Leading edgeControl and OptimizationTurbine blade020209 energyEnergy Engineering and Power Technology020101 civil engineeringcoatings02 engineering and technologylcsh:TechnologyTurbine0201 civil engineeringlaw.inventionWind turbine bladesCoatingslawleading edge erosionwind energy0202 electrical engineering electronic engineering information engineeringSensitivity (control systems)Electrical and Electronic EngineeringWind energyEngineering (miscellaneous)Parametric statisticsWind powerlcsh:TRenewable Energy Sustainability and the Environmentbusiness.industrywind turbine blades; leading edge erosion; wind energy; repair; coatingswind turbine bladesRule of thumbPower (physics)VDP::Teknologi: 500repairEnvironmental sciencebusinessRepairLeading edge erosionEnergy (miscellaneous)Marine engineeringEnergies
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Effects of Onshore and Offshore Environmental Parameters on the Leading Edge Erosion of Wind Turbine Blades: A Comparative Study

2021

Abstract The presence of rain-induced leading edge erosion of wind turbine blades (WTBs) necessitates the development of erosion models. One of the essential parameters for erosion modeling is the relative impact velocity between rain droplets and the rotating blade. Based on this parameter, the erosion damage rate of a WTB is calculated to estimate the expected leading edge lifetime. The environmental conditions that govern this parameter have site-specific variations, and thus, rain and wind loading on a turbine differ for onshore and offshore locations. In addition, there are wave loads present in the offshore environment. The present paper tries to provide guidelines for erosion modelin…

Leading edgeOcean energy technologyTurbine blade020209 energyOcean Engineering02 engineering and technology01 natural sciencesTurbine010305 fluids & plasmaslaw.inventionSea breezelaw0103 physical sciences0202 electrical engineering electronic engineering information engineeringGeotechnical engineeringDesign of offshore structuresWind powerbusiness.industryMechanical EngineeringOffshore material performance and applicationsTurbulence kinetic energyErosionEnvironmental scienceSubmarine pipelinebusinessLeading edge erosionJournal of Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering
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