Search results for "erosion"

Straw mulch as a sustainable solution to decrease runoff and erosion in glyphosate-treated clementine plantations in Eastern Spain. An assessment usi…

2019

[EN] In many Mediterranean areas, citrus orchards exhibit high soil loss rates because of the expansion of drip irrigation that allows cultivation on sloping terrain and the widespread use of glyphosate. To mitigate these non-sustainable soil losses, straw mulch could be applied as an efficient solution but this has been poorly studied. Therefore, the main goal of this paper was to assess the use of straw mulch as a tool to reduce soil losses in clementine plantations, which can be considered representative of a typical Mediterranean citrus orchard. A total of 40 rainfall simulation experiments were carried out on 20 pairs of neighbouring bare and mulched plots. Each experiment involved app…

Épisodes pluvieux intenses, érosion des sols et viticulture

2020

Publication de la Chaire UNESCO "Culture et Traditions du Vin" de l'Université de Bourgogne et du Centre Georges Chevrier UMR CNRS/uB 7366.; National audience

Variabilité des extrêmes thermiques et impacts sur la viticulture : l’évolution du risque de gel de printemps en Bourgogne Franche-Comté.

2019

Publication de la Chaire UNESCO "Culture et Traditions du Vin" de l'Université de Bourgogne et du Centre Georges Chevrier UMR CNRS/uB 7366.; National audience

Microbial diversity and structure are drivers of the biological barrier effect against Listeria monocytogenes in soil

2013

International audience; Understanding the ecology of pathogenic organisms is important in order to monitor their transmission in the environment and the related health hazards. We investigated the relationship between soil microbial diversity and the barrier effect against Listeria monocytogenes invasion. By using a dilution-to-extinction approach, we analysed the consequence of eroding microbial diversity on L. monocytogenes population dynamics under standardised conditions of abiotic parameters and microbial abundance in soil microcosms. We demonstrated that highly diverse soil microbial communities act as a biological barrier against L. monocytogenes invasion and that phylogenetic compos…

Dispersal potential of antibiotrophy along the manure-soil-sediment continuum of sulfamethazine-contaminated agrosystems

2021

An emerging function in the scientific literature, antibiotrophy is the bacterial capacity to metabolize antibiotics. Considered a bioremediation tool, it remains a health risk due to its association with antibiotic resistance. The first goal of this thesis was to study its dispersion within agrosystems contaminated with antibiotics during two coalescence events, i.e. manure spreading on the soil and its erosion towards the aquatic compartment. Experiments have shown the systematic invasion of the soil and sediment bacterial communities by the antibiotroph Microbacterium sp. C448 when sulfamethazine is present but not necessarily mineralized. The antibiotic would have a double function towa…

Relationships between societies and their environment in the Sahel in southwestern Niger over the past four thousand years : a geoarchaeological appr…

2013

The Sahel, a zone between the Sahara Desert and the Sudan forests, is currently experiencing major environmental changes. Since the droughts in 1970s and 1980s, and with the high population growth rate, vegetation cover has deteriorated considerably, contributing to increased runoff and soil erosion. Starting from this observation, we undertook the study of past societies in the Niamey region, to assess their impact on the environment. The lack of archaeological data meant that it was necessary to identify key indicators of occupation during the Neolithic and the Iron Age. In addition to providing new evidence to date the Neolithic site of Kirkissoy, a sedimentary study was conducted on a p…

Cartographie de la diversité des sols viticoles de versant par imagerie à haute résolution : contribution à la connaissance des terroirs

2014

The Burgundian vineyard hillslopes (Côte-d’Or, France) exhibit a high diversity of soils resulting from the combination of several natural and anthropogenic factors acting at various spatio-temporal scales. The soil types have major role in viticulture, since they partly determine wine-growing quality. However, soil undergoes important degradation caused by hydric erosion and vineyard management practices. To control this soil heritage for a sustained viticulture in Côte-d’Or, a better knowledge of soil is necessary. The objectives of this work is to characterise vineyard soils and to identify the factors governing their diversity using an interdisciplinary approach crossing geology, geomor…

Erosion des sols viticoles par les évènements orageux (Vosne-Romanée) : quels risques pour le futur ?

2007

International audience; Des différences de maturité des raisins ont été constatées, en particulier entre les fruits produits sur les sols clairs et ceux provenant de vignes poussant sur des sols plus sombres. Ce constat a été testé par une expérience de mesures de températures en continu dans le Clos Vougeot et dans Les Cras, deux stations situées à la même altitude, distantes d'environ cent mètres et caractérisées par des sols plus bruns et plus argileux pour la première et par des sols plus clairs et pierreux pour la seconde. Dans les deux stations, les mesures de températures automatiques et régulières (toutes les trente minutes) ont été réalisées pendant un an à partir du 18 mai 2003, à…

Assessment of Coastal Vulnerability in South Sicily

2006

Home Oral Care Domiciliary Protocol for the Management of Dental Erosion in Rugby Players: A Randomized Clinical Trial

2022

People performing regular physical activity are at high risk of dental erosion especially in cases of high sport drinks intake. Biomimetic hydroxyapatite-based oral hygiene products, like toothpastes and mouthwashes, have been investigated in recent years for their remineralizing activity on the teeth. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of two different oral hygiene protocols, respectively consisting of the combination of a hydroxyapatite-based toothpaste plus mouthwash (Trial group) or toothpaste alone (Control Group). At baseline (T0), as well as at 15 days (T1), 30 days (T2) and 90 days (T3), the following clinical indexes were assessed: Basic Erosive Wear Examinat…