Search results for "error"
showing 10 items of 1643 documents
Effects of Emotional Context on Memory for Details: The Role of Attention
2013
It was repeatedly demonstrated that a negative emotional context enhances memory for central details while impairing memory for peripheral information. This trade-off effect is assumed to result from attentional processes: a negative context seems to narrow attention to central information at the expense of more peripheral details, thus causing the differential effects in memory. However, this explanation has rarely been tested and previous findings were partly inconclusive. For the present experiment 13 negative and 13 neutral naturalistic, thematically driven picture stories were constructed to test the trade-off effect in an ecologically more valid setting as compared to previous studies…
Intellectual functioning and memory deficits in schizophrenia
2007
Background: There is converging evidence about the existence of different subgroups of patients with schizophrenia in relation to intellectual ability (intelligence quotient [IQ]). Studying cognitive deficits in such patients in relation to IQ, and more specifically to memory, could help determine the patterns of preserved and impaired functioning in cognitive abilities in association with patterns of preserved and compromised intellect. This information could serve to delimit the possibilities of treatment and rehabilitation in those patients. Methods: A total of 44 patients with schizophrenia completed a cognitive battery that included executive functioning, attention, speed of informatio…
Changes in accommodative responses with multifocal contact lenses: a pilot study.
2011
Our aim was to evaluate induced changes in pupil and accommodative response for different accommodative stimuli with three different multifocal contact lenses (CLs). Accommodative and pupil responses with three aspheric multifocal CLs of simultaneous focus center near (PureVision Low Add, PureVision High Add and Focus Progressives) for two accommodative stimuli of -2.5 and -4.00 D were recorded in 10 young subjects. Accommodative response, peak velocity, and time constant of accommodation and pupil constriction were assessed. The measurements were evaluated in all the participants with distance-single vision CLs and with the three multifocal CLs. The monocular measurements were performed in…
Differences between orthopaedic evaluation and radiological reports of conventional radiographs in patients with minor trauma admitted to the emergen…
2017
Abstract Introduction During night and on weekends, in our emergency department there is no radiologist on duty or on call: thus, X-ray examinations (XR) are evaluated by the orthopaedic surgeon on duty and reported the following morning/monday by radiologists. The aim of our study was to examine the discrepancy rate between orthopaedists and radiologists in the interpretation of imaging examinations performed on patients in our tertiary level orthopaedic institution and the consequences of delayed diagnosis in terms of patient management and therapeutic strategy. Materials and methods We retrospectively reviewed all cases of discrepancy between orthopaedists and radiologists, which were ca…
Reliability of different models to assess heart rate recovery after submaximal bicycle exercise.
2011
Abstract Objectives : Different models to assess HR recovery have been developed but knowledge of their reliability is poor at different submaximal exercise intensities and recovery durations. Our aim was to determine the reliability of HR recovery after a test on a cycle ergometer. Design : Twenty-one healthy individuals performed a submaximal exercise at 65% and 80% HR max followed by passive recovery. The exercise was repeated (retest) within 2 weeks to assess reliability. Method : HR recovery was assessed by 8 models, based on monoexponential kinetics or absolute recovery (recovered HR at fix time points). Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and standard error of measurement (SEM, …
Simultaneous sodium lauryl sulphate testing improves the diagnostic validity of allergic patch tests. Results from a prospective multicentre study of…
2005
Summary Background There is evidence that a higher skin susceptibility may induce nonspecific erythematous or weak positive reactions to contact allergens in patch testing. Objectives To evaluate whether simultaneous application of sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) along with diagnostic patch tests with contact allergens can provide information regarding skin irritability which may help to discriminate allergic from nonspecific irritant reactions to contact allergens. Methods Between July 2001 and June 2003, this prospective study collected patch test data of 5971 patients from 19 centres in Germany and Austria in the Information Network of Departments of Dermatology (IVDK). In addition to co…
Reliability of the Dynamic Gait Index (Finnish version) in individuals with neurological disorders
2012
To produce a Finnish version of the Dynamic Gait Index (DGI) and establish its reliability in people with neurological disorders affecting balance.A consecutive sample of 33 participants in inter-rater and 30 participants in intra-rater sample were tested. The DGI was administered in two testing sessions 1-2 h apart. Reliability was assessed with the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC), Bland-Altman 95% limits of agreement, coefficient of reproducibility (CR), and standard error of the mean (SEM).The instructions from the original DGI were preserved during the translation process with no need for cultural adaptations. The relative reliability of the total scores proved to be high in i…
Checking the carotid pulse check: diagnostic accuracy of first responders in patients with and without a pulse.
1996
International guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in adults advocate that cardiac arrest be recognized within 5-10 s, by the absence of a pulse in the carotid arteries. However, validation of first responders' assessment of the carotid pulse has begun only recently. We aimed (1) to develop a methodology to study diagnostic accuracy in detecting the presence or absence of the carotid pulse in unresponsive patients, and (2) to evaluate diagnostic accuracy and time required by first responders to assess the carotid pulse. In 16 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting, four groups of first responders (EMT-1: 107 laypersons with basic life support (BLS) training; EMT-2…
Repetitive TMS over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex modulates the error positivity: An ERP study
2019
Abstract Error processing is a critical step towards an efficient adaptation of our behavior to achieve a goal. Little research has been devoted to investigate the contribution of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in supporting error processing. In this study, the causal relationship of the DLPFC in error commission was examined by means of a repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation protocol (rTMS). Specifically, the effects of an inhibitory protocol were assessed by examining the electroencephalographic signal recorded during the execution of a Go/No-Go task. To this aim, a group of 15 healthy young participants performed a three-session study. At each session, either the righ…
Importance of Social- and Health-Related Problems: Do Spaniards Give Them the Significance They Actually Deserve?
2019
Social and health problems imply an impact on society. The main objective of this study is to provide an overview of how Spanish people perceive cancer, terrorism, cardiovascular diseases, crime, AIDS, drugs, and traffic accidents, finding out whether they assess the importance of these issues in correspondence with their actual severity. The study used a full sample of 1206 Spaniards (51.6% females and 48.4% males) who responded to a computer-assisted telephone interviewing (CATI) survey on the significance of these social and health-related problems, assessed through a zero to ten Likert scale. The perceived severity of the problems was considered taking into account the official data of …