Search results for "esophageal neoplasms"

Checkpoint inhibitors for gastroesophageal cancers: dissecting heterogeneity to better understand their role in first-line and adjuvant therapy

2020

Gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma (GEA) and squamous esophageal cancer (ESCC) are responsible for1 million deaths annually globally. Until now, patients with metastatic GEA and ESCC could anticipate survival of1 year. Anti- programmed cell death protein 1 (anti-PD-1) monotherapy has demonstrated modest efficacy in previously treated GEA and ESCC. In 2020, four pivotal trials have established anti-PD-1 therapy as a new standard of care for selected GEA and ESCC patients as first-line advanced and adjuvant therapy. In this review, we discuss the recent results of the CheckMate 649, ATTRACTION-4, KEYNOTE-590 and CheckMate 577 trials. We consider these results in the context of current standards …

Towards precision oncology for HER2 blockade in gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma

2019

Gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma (GEA) represents a very heterogeneous disease and patients in advanced stages have a very poor prognosis. Although several molecular classifications have been proposed, precision medicine for HER2-amplified GEA patients still represents a challenge. Despite improvement in clinical outcomes obtained by adding trastuzumab to first-line platinum-based chemotherapy, no other anti-HER2 agents used first-line or beyond progression have demonstrated any benefit. Several factors contribute to this failure. Among them, variable HER2 amplification assessment, tumour heterogeneity, molecular mechanisms of resistance and microenvironmental factors could limit the effecti…

Molecular landscape of esophageal cancer: implications for early detection and personalized therapy

2018

Esophageal cancer (EC) is one of the most lethal cancers and a public health concern worldwide, owing to late diagnosis and lack of efficient treatment. Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) are main histopathological subtypes of EC that show striking differences in geographical distribution, possibly due to differences in exposure to risk factors and lifestyles. ESCC and EAC are distinct diseases in terms of cell of origin, epidemiology, and molecular architecture of tumor cells. Past efforts aimed at translating potential molecular candidates into clinical practice proved to be challenging, underscoring the need for identifying novel candidates for …

Lung Metastases from Esophageal Granular Cell Tumor: An Undoubted Criterion for Malignancy

2017

A rare rarity: neuroendocrine tumor of the esophagus

2019

Abstract Esophageal Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are rare, aggressive and lacking specific symptoms. This causes a diagnostic delay, worsening the prognosis. Numerous cases are reported in literature, without a consensus on the management. Our aim was to clarify epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic, therapeutic management of esophageal NETs. Extensive literature search identified a total of 226 articles. One hundred twenty-five articles (n = 1676) met the inclusion criteria, showing that: the incidence of esophageal NET varies geographically; men (60–70 years) are more affected; smoking and alcohol abuse are the major risk factors; dysphagia, weight loss, appetite loss are the mo…

Cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil with or without epidermal growth factor receptor inhibition panitumumab for patients with non-resectable, advanced or me…

2020

Background Palliative chemotherapy of advanced oesophageal squamous cell cancer (ESCC) consists of cisplatin/5-fluorouracil (CF) to target epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) with panitumumab (P); chemotherapy enhanced overall survival (OS) in advanced colorectal or squamous cell head and neck cancers. With prospective serum and tumour biomarkers, we tested if P added to CF (CFP) improved OS in advanced ESCC. Patients and methods Eligible patients with confirmed ESCC that was not curatively resectable or did not qualify for definitive radiochemotherapy, were randomised 1 : 1 to receive CF [cisplatin (C) 100 mg/m2 i.v., day 1; 5-fluorouracil (F) 1000 mg/m2 i.v., days 1–4] or CF plus P (9…

bcl-2 expression and prognosis in squamous-cell carcinomas of the esophagus

1996

The bcl-2 proto-oncogene is a known inhibitor of apoptosis and may be an important regulator of tumor growth. In the present study, bcl-2-protein expression was investigated by immunohistochemistry and correlated with prognosis in a series of 150 potentially curatively resected squamous-cell carcinomas of the esophagus. For comparison, bcl-2-protein expression was analyzed in normal esophageal mucosa, severe squamous dysplasias and carcinomas in situ. bcl-2 immunoreactivity was found in 40 out of 150 invasive squamous-cell carcinomas; the remaining carcinomas were completely negative. bcl-2-protein expression was found more frequently among poorly differentiated than among well-differentiat…

Cetuximab plus cisplatin–5-fluorouracil versus cisplatin–5-fluorouracil alone in first-line metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus: a ra…

2009

Abstract Background This study assessed the activity of the mAb cetuximab in combination with cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Patients and methods For a maximum of six 29-day cycles, patients received cisplatin 100 mg/m2, day 1, plus 5-FU 1000 mg/m2, days 1–5 (CF), either alone or in combination with cetuximab (CET–CF; 400 mg/m2 initial dose followed by 250 mg/m2 weekly thereafter). The primary end point was tumor response. Tumor material was obtained for analysis of KRAS mutation status. Results Sixty-two eligible patients were included, 32 receiving CET–CF and 30 CF. Cetuximab did not exacerbate grade 3/4 toxicity, except for rash (6% ve…

Assessment of tumor microcirculation with dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI in patients with esophageal cancer: initial experience.

2008

PURPOSE: To investigate the feasibility and impact of dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) on tumor characterization and response to radiochemotherapy (RCT) in patients with esophageal cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 48 patients underwent DCE-MRI to assess tumor microcirculation based on a two-compartment model function. Effects of RCT on kinetic parameters were studied in 12 patients with squamous cell carcinoma. RESULTS: Tumor microcirculation differs with respect to histological subtype: squamous cell carcinomas showed lower values of amplitude A (leakage space, P = 0.015) and higher contrast agent exchange rates (k(21), P = 0.225) compared with adenoc…

Diagnosis of pre-sarcopenia from a single selectional crosscut at C3 region, using CT scans before radiotherapy

2019

espanolProposito: el proposito de este estudio fue diagnosticar la presarcopenia en pacientes con cancer que no disponen de imagenes por tomografia computarizada (TC) a nivel abdominal mediante un metodo novedoso basado en cortes a nivel cervical. Material y metodos: se analizaron y se compararon mediante unidades la masa muscular y la masa muscular esqueletica en 37 pacientes con cancer de pulmon y neoplasias del aparato digestivo superior que incluian cortes en la TC de planificacion a nivel de C3 y L3. La presarcopenia se identifico de acuerdo con los puntos de corte establecidos actualmente: ≤ 41 cm2/m2 para mujeres, ≤ 43 cm2/m2 en hombres con un IMC ≤ 25 kg/m2 y ≤ 53 cm2/m2 en hombres …