Search results for "ethanol"

Stillage as a Source of Growth Promoting Biofactors and a Stimulator of Levan and Extracellular Levansucrase Synthesis for Zymomonas mobilis

2002

In the present work, the fermentation of simultaneous production of ethanol and levan by Zymomonas mobilis grown on different growth media has been studied. Yeast extract, rye stillage or sugar beet molasses stillage were used as additives to the basic sucrose media and the chemical composition, including vitamins, of the cultivation liquids have been determined. It has been shown that 0.5 % of yeast extract dry weight additive could be substituted by 10.0 % of native stillage additive. It was established that molasses stillage stimulates the ethanol synthesis, but rye stillage additive is more preferable for levan production. The extracellular levansucrase obtained from the culture liquid …

Modulation of the Endocannabinoids N-Arachidonoylethanolamine (AEA) and 2-Arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) on Executive Functions in Human.

2013

Animal studies point to an implication of the endocannabinoid system on executive functions. In humans, several studies have suggested an association between acute or chronic use of exogenous cannabinoids (Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol) and executive impairments. However, to date, no published reports establish the relationship between endocannabinoids, as biomarkers of the cannabinoid neurotransmission system, and executive functioning in humans. The aim of the present study was to explore the association between circulating levels of plasma endocannabinoids N-arachidonoylethanolamine (AEA) and 2-Arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) and executive functions (decision making, response inhibition and cognit…

Ethanol preservation effects on stable carbon, nitrogen and hydrogen isotopes in the freshwater pearl mussel

2023

AbstractChemical preservatives can alter stable isotope ratios in animal tissues. The effects of preservation on δ13C and δ15N values have been investigated in a variety of species, but not on δ2H values or on the freshwater pearl mussel (FPM, Margaritifera margaritifera) tissues. We evaluated the effect of ethanol preservation (unpreserved vs preserved tissues) over 6 months on the δ13C, δ15N and δ2H values of FPM foot and gonad tissues. Ethanol preservation significantly increased δ13C values (foot 0.4 ‰; gonad 0.3 ‰), whereas it did not significantly affect δ15N values (foot 0.2 ‰; gonad − 0.1 ‰). The positive effect of ethanol preservation on δ2H values (foot 7.1 ‰; gonad 14.5 ‰) and th…

Potential Carcinogens in Makeup Cosmetics

2023

Facial makeup cosmetics are commonly used products that are applied to the skin, and their ingredients come into contact with it for many years. Consequently, they should only contain substances that are considered safe or used within an allowable range of established concentrations. According to current European laws, all cosmetics approved for use should be entirely safe for their users, and the responsibility for this lies with manufacturers, distributors, and importers. However, the use of cosmetics can be associated with undesirable effects due to the presence of certain chemical substances. An analysis of 50 random facial makeup cosmetics commercially available on the European Union m…

Influences of social stress in the rewarding effects of mdma and alcohol

2015

La adicción a las drogas es un importante problema en nuestra sociedad con graves consecuencias jurídicas, médicas y sociales para los consumidores. Se trata de un trastorno caracterizado por la pérdida de control sobre el uso de la droga, su búsqueda compulsiva y la aparición de un estado emocional negativo en ausencia de la misma. El alcohol es la droga legal más consumida tanto por adultos como por adolescentes. Por otra parte, entre las sustancias ilegales, los datos epidemiológicos apuntan que el éxtasis o MDMA es una sustancia ampliamente consumida entre los adolescentes y adultos jóvenes sobre todo en fiestas “rave” donde los consumidores pasan horas, incluso días, haciendo uso de es…

Exclusion of Saccharomyces kudriavzevii from a wine model system mediated by Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

2010

This study investigated the competition and potential hybrid generation between the species Saccharomyces cerevisiae and S. kudriavzevii in a wine-model environment. Our main goal was to understand why S. kudriavzevii has not been found in wine fermentations whilst their hybrids are present. Auxotrophic mutants (Ura(-) and Lys(-)) were used to favour the selection of hybrids and to specifically differentiate the two species in mixed fermentations carried out at different temperatures (17 °C, 24 °C and 31 °C). Both yeasts showed a reduction in their maximum specific growth rates in mixed fermentations, indicating a clear antagonistic effect between the two microorganisms. Temperature played …

Ro 15-4513 Antagonizes Alcohol-Induced Sedation in Mice Through αβγ2-type GABAA Receptors

2011

Ethyl alcohol (ethanol) has many molecular targets in the nervous system, its potency at these sites being low compared with those of sedative drugs. This has made it difficult to discover ethanol’s binding site(s). There are two putative binding sites at gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) type A receptor subtypes for the proposed ethanol antagonist Ro 15-4513, the established gamma2 subunit-dependent benzodiazepine site and the recently reported delta subunit-dependent Ro 15-4513/ethanol binding site. Here, we aimed at clarifying the in vivo role of Ro 15-4513 at these two sites. We found that the antagonism of ethanol actions by Ro 15-4513 in wildtype mice was dependent on the test: an open f…

Alcohol puts the heart under pressure: Acetaldehyde activates a localized renin angiotensin aldosterone system within the myocardium in alcoholic car…

2018

Intermittent ethanol exposure induces inflammatory brain damage and causes long-term behavioural alterations in adolescent rats

2007

Adolescent brain development seems to be important for the maturation of brain structures and behaviour. Intermittent binge ethanol drinking is common among adolescents, and this type of drinking can induce brain damage. Because we have demonstrated that chronic ethanol treatment induces inflammatory processes in the brain, we investigate whether intermittent ethanol intoxication enhances cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in adolescent rats, and whether these mediators induce brain damage and cause permanent cognitive dysfunctions. Adolescent rats were exposed to ethanol (3.0 g/kg) for two consecutive days at 48-h intervals over 14 days. Levels of COX-2, iN…

Computed Tomography of HCC

2016

Contrast-enhanced CT allows an accurate noninvasive diagnosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) nodules, and assessment of hepatic vascular anatomy and patency. The use of state-of-the-art equipment and of a tailored protocol is crucial. CT results help to detect and stage HCC, select the best treatment option, and evaluate response to therapy. In this chapter, the CT protocol for the cirrhotic liver, the CT features of HCC before and after treatment and of portal vein thrombosis will be described.