Search results for "ethanol"
showing 10 items of 2041 documents
Preparation and antioxidant activity of Radix Astragali residues extracts rich in calycosin and formononetin
2011
Abstract Radix Astragali is considered an excellent source of Traditional Chinese Medicine and a kind of famous restorative food. To make full usage of Radix Astragali, calycosin and formononetin were enriched through various macroporous resins from its residues, HPD500 resin, compared with other resins, offered the best effectiveness for the enrichment and separation of compounds. 35 °C was selected for its highest adoption capacity during static adsorption process, which can be obtained from adsorption isotherms. And then dynamic adsorption and desorption tests were carried out to optimize the operating parameters. After one run treatment with HPD500 resin, the contents of calycosin and f…
Stability of nitroaromatic specialty explosives in reversed-phase liquid chromatographic systems
2008
Abstract In this study, the stability of 2,4-dinitroanisole, 2,2′,4,4′,6,6′-hexanitrodiphenylsulfide, 2,3,4,6-tetranitroaniline, 2,4,6-trinitroaniline, 2,4,6-trinitroanisole, and 2,4,6-trinitrochlorobenzene in liquid chromatographic systems was studied under different solvent/eluent conditions. Stock solutions of the explosives were prepared in acetonitrile and diluted with acetone/water, acetonitrile/water, or methanol/water mixtures. Within 48 h, these working solutions were repeatedly injected onto a silica column and eluted with acetonitrile/water or methanol/water mobile phases. Under all conditions, 2,4-dinitroanisole was stable, whereas 2,4,6-trinitroaniline was stable only in the me…
Biological nitrate removal from wastewater of a metal-finishing industry
2006
An upflow packed bed reactor at laboratory scale has been operated for a continuous period of 5 months to investigate the technical feasibility of biological nitrate removal applied to the effluent of the coagulation-sedimentation wastewater of a metal-finishing industry. The reactor was fed with industrial wastewater in a five-fold dilution to reproduce the global spill in the factory (20/80, industrial wastewater/domestic wastewater) with a concentration of nitrate between 141 and 210 gNO(3)-N/m(3). Methanol was added as a carbon source for denitrification. Inlet flow rate was progressively increased from 9 to 40 L/day (nitrogen input load from 45 to 250 gNO(3)-N/(m(3)h)). The highest obs…
Performance evaluation of a biotrickling filter treating a mixture of oxygenated VOCs during intermittent loading
2008
Laboratory scale-studies on the biodegradation of a 1:1:1 weight mixture of three oxygenated volatile organic compounds (VOCs), ethanol, ethyl acetate, and methyl-ethyl ketone (MEK) in a biotrickling filter (BTF) were carried out using two identically sized columns, filled with different polypropylene rings. The performance of the BTFs was examined for a period of 10 months applying several operational strategies. Similar performance was obtained for both supports. Intermittent flow rate of trickling liquid was shown beneficial to improve the removal efficiency (RE). Continuous feeding of VOC resulted in an excessive accumulation of biomass so high pressure drop was developed in less than 2…
Towards the design of organocatalysts for nerve agents remediation: The case of the active hydrolysis of DCNP (a Tabun mimic) catalyzed by simple ami…
2015
We report herein a study of the hydrolysis of Tabun mimic DCNP in the presence of different amines, aminoalcohols and glycols as potential suitable organocatalysts for DCNP degradation. Experiments were performed in CD3CN in the presence of 5% D2O, which is a suitable solvent mixture to follow the DCNP hydrolysis. These studies allowed the definition of different DCNP depletion paths, resulting in the formation of diethylphosphoric acid, tetraethylpyrophosphate and phosphoramide species as final products. Without organocatalysts, DCNP hydrolysis occurred mainly via an autocatalysis path. Addition of tertiary amines in sub-stoichiometric amounts largely enhanced DCNP depletion whereas non-te…
Treatment of leachate from MSWI bottom ash landfilling with anaerobic sulphate-reducing process
2007
Abstract Removal of sulphate and toxic elements from the leachate of a field landfill lysimeter ( 112 m 3 ) , containing municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) bottom ash, was studied. The leachate was treated in two parallel laboratory upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors without and with ethanol as additional carbon source. With ethanol more than 65% of sulphate was removed, while without ethanol removal was negligible. The treatment removed Ba, Ca, Cu, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Tl, Sb, Se, Sr, and Zn of the studied 35 trace and other elements. The sequential extraction of the reactor sludge at the end of runs confirmed that with a few exceptions (Ba, Ca, and Cu) the main mechanism by…
Significance of pantothenate for glucose fermentation by Oenococcus oeni and for suppression of the erythritol and acetate production.
2001
The heterofermentative lactic acid bacterium Oenococcus oeni requires pantothenic acid for growth. In the presence of sufficient pantothenic acid, glucose was converted by heterolactic fermentation stoichiometrically to lactate, ethanol and CO2. Under pantothenic acid limitation, substantial amounts of erythritol, acetate and glycerol were produced by growing and resting bacteria. Production of erythritol and glycerol was required to compensate for the decreasing ethanol production and to enable the synthesis of acetate. In ribose fermentation, there were no shifts in the fermentation pattern in response to pantothenate supply. In the presence of pantothenate, growing O. oeni contained at l…
Phospholipid-polyaspartamide micelles for pulmonary delivery of corticosteroids
2011
A novel drug delivery system for beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP) has been constructed through self-assembly of a pegylated phospholipid-polyaminoacid conjugate. This copolymer was obtained by chemical reaction of α,β-poly(N-2-hydroxyethyl)-DL-aspartamide (PHEA) with 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[amino(polyethyleneglycol)2000] (DSPE-PEG(2000)-NH(2)). Benefiting from the amphiphilic structure with the hydrophilic shell based on both PHEA and PEG and many hydrophobic stearoyl tails, PHEA-PEG(2000)-DSPE copolymer was able to self assemble into micelles in aqueous media above a concentration of 1.23 × 10(-7)M, determined by fluorescence studies. During the self-assembling …
Phosphotransferase properties of human erythrocyte phosphoglycolate phosphatase.
1982
Abstract 1. 1. Human erythrocyte phosphoglycolate phosphatase (PGP) (EC 3.1.3.18) shows transferase properties. Using p -nitrophenylphosphate ( p -NPP) as substrate, methanol, at a concentration of 4.9 M. was the most efficient phosphate acceptor tested (60% phosphate transfer). 2. 2. The branched alcohols i -propanol and i -butanol accept the phosphate better than the unbranched compounds. The acceptor potency is methanol > ethanol > i -propanol > n -propanol > i -butanol > n -butanol. 3. 3. The relative transferase activity could be demonstrated to be independent of substrate concentration, pH. and the inhibitory effect of NaF at 2 and 4 mM. 4. 4. POP shows no transferase activity towards…
Vicarious Social Defeat Increases Conditioned Rewarding Effects of Cocaine and Ethanol Intake in Female Mice
2023
Stress is a critical factor in the development of mood and drug use disorders. The social defeat model is not appropriate for female rodents due to their low level of aggression. Therefore, a robust female model of social stress needs to be developed and validated. The aim of the present study was to unravel the long-lasting effects of vicarious social defeat (VSD) on the conditioned rewarding effects of cocaine and ethanol intake in female mice. Although VSD seems to be a good model for inducing behavioral and physiologic endophenotypes induced by stress, there are no studies to date that characterize the effect of VSD on cocaine or alcohol use. The results confirm that VSD females showed …