Search results for "ethic"
showing 10 items of 2395 documents
Mapping the Other Side of Agency
2021
Schonau et al. (2021) put forward an “agency map” that brings together the so far underappreciated interrelation of responsibility, privacy, authenticity, and trust for the purpose of better unders...
Food, health and society: the town meets the countryside
2017
It is not long time that food culture has undertaken a process of renewal started when severe food safety problems did reveal through the “food scandals”: the so called mad cow disease (BSE, Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy) or the swine flu and bird flu, and other various contaminations occurred in the late 20th century. The first development in food culture, so long, was due to safety needs but was the beginning of a new consciousness about the importance of food and diet on human health. Quickly, the demand for quality food oriented itself towards qualitative – local, traditional, organic – food features. This was a great challenge and a new opportunity for agriculture: to supply valuabl…
Quand l’incertitude de la maladie cancéreuse attaque les liens : effet de la dynamique transférentielle
2022
Resume Le cancer est une maladie largement connue du grand public. Elle represente par ailleurs une des maladies les plus redoutees en France. C’est ainsi que lorsqu’elle frappe, tout est bouleverse, tout devient incertain. La pathologie est source d’incertitude pour le patient mais aussi pour sa famille et ses proches. Mais alors comment s’accommode-t-on a celle-ci, a ces changements et a ces nouveaux reperes de vie ? Ce questionnement marque le point de depart de notre reflexion autour du processus d’incertitude en oncologie. Cet article s’interesse au vecu de l’incertitude de patients atteints du cancer, de leur entourage et des partenaires de soins. Ici nous nous centrerons sur la quest…
Computer-assisted sperm analysis and reproductive science; a gift for understanding gamete biology from multidisciplinary perspectives
2018
The science of reproductive biology has been a source of fascination for centuries and has been marked both by important landmarks of discovery and influential, but persistent, errors of fact. The first century physician and philosopher, Galen of Pergamum, carried out empirical investigations on both humans and animals and proposed that conception required a combination of both male and female ‘principles’…
Resistance profiles and risk factors of resistant microorganisms in bacteraemia of abdominal origin
2017
Abstract Objective The presence of resistant microorganisms is a major cause of failure in initial empirical antimicrobial therapy. The objectives of this study are to determine the resistance profile of microorganisms that cause bacteraemia of abdominal origin and to identify whether the previous use of antibiotics and the place of acquisition of bacteraemia are risk factors associated with the presence of resistant organisms. Material and methods A clinical, observational, epidemiological, retrospective cohort study was conducted with all the adult patients admitted to a university hospital from 2011 to 2013. Antimicrobial resistance profiles were described and a 95% confidence interval c…
Antibacterial properties and reduction of MRSA biofilm with a dressing combining polyabsorbent fibres and a silver matrix
2016
Objective: This study was designed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of a wound dressing which combines polyacrylate fibres and a silver lipido-colloid matrix (UrgoClean Ag, silver polyabsorbent dressing), against biofilm of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Method: Samples of silver polyabsorbent dressing and the neutral form of this dressing (UrgoClean) were applied to biofilms of MRSA formed on a collagen I-coated surface, cultured for 24 hours. Different exposure times were tested (1, 2, 4 and 7 days) without dressing change. The biofilm reduction was quantified by using culture methods and by confocal laser scanning microscopy experiments. Results: The applicatio…
Biología sintética: contexto jurídico y políticas públicas
2016
Este trabajo se plantea tres cuestiones dirigidas a mejorar las propuestas sobre la gobernanza y regulación de la biología sintética. En primer lugar, se refieren algunos de los hitos científicos que han jalonado su desarrollo y el modo en que han influido en los debates ciudadanos sobre ella. En segundo lugar, se trata del marco jurídico internacional, con el fin de indagar en los principios sobre los que se sustenta y debería sustentarse. Por último, se revisan críticamente los informes acerca de los aspectos éticos y sociales de la BIOSIN, publicados por organizaciones gubernamentales y no gubernamentales en los últimos diez años.
Second medical opinion in oncological setting
2021
Oncological patients increasingly require second medical opinions to feel more likely confident with their oncologists and treatments, although this could lead to wrong opinions and delay in the start of treatments. Second opinions can be required also by physicians to obtain advices, especially in case of rare tumors. The request of new opinions is documented in radiology and pathology settings too, with not negligible discrepancy rate. Conversely, the role in general medical/surgical conditions has not been well established. Literature is poor of studies relative to second opinions or they are more focused on patient's motivations. For these reasons, AIOM (Italian Association of Medical O…
The future of Extracellular Vesicles as Theranostics – an ISEV meeting report
2020
ABSTRACT The utilization of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in clinical theranostics has rapidly advanced in the past decade. In November 2018, the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) held a workshop on “EVs in Clinical Theranostic”. Here, we report the conclusions of roundtable discussions on the current advancement in the analysis technologies and we provide some guidelines to researchers in the field to consider the use of EVs in clinical application. The main challenges and the requirements for EV separation and characterization strategies, quality control and clinical investigation were discussed to promote the application of EVs in future clinical studies.
Genetic counselling difficulties and ethical implications of incidental findings from array-CGH: a 7-year national survey
2016
Microarray-based comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) is commonly used in diagnosing patients with intellectual disability (ID) with or without congenital malformation. Because aCGH interrogates with the whole genome, there is a risk of being confronted with incidental findings (IF). In order to anticipate the ethical issues of IF with the generalization of new genome-wide analysis technologies, we questioned French clinicians and cytogeneticists about the situations they have faced regarding IF from aCGH. Sixty-five IF were reported. Forty corresponded to autosomal dominant diseases with incomplete penetrance, 7 to autosomal dominant diseases with complete penetrance, 14 to X-linked di…