Search results for "ethiopia"

The Borana conserved landscape, Ethiopia

2008

Recherches sur la pluviométrie de la corne orientale de l'Afrique

1991

The Eastern Horn of Africa (Somalia, Ethiopia, Djibouti and Kenya) exhibits strong rainfall anomalies, considering the latitudinal position of the region. The mean annual rainfall map shows a vigorous meridian contrast between the rainy Western Highlands of Kenya and Ethiopia, and the deficiency of the lowlands of Somalia, the Eastern parts of Kenya and Ethiopia, and the Red Sea coast. This opposition is mainly related to the northern summer season, during which the different caracteristics of the wet "west-african" monsoon and the dry divergent "indian" monsoon are clearly emphasized. They induce single-maximum summer rainfall regimes, and double-peak spring and autumn regimes, respectivel…

The superior effect of nature based solutions in land management for enhancing ecosystem services

2017

The rehabilitation and restoration of land is a key strategy to recover services -goods and resources- ecosystems offer to the humankind. This paper reviews key examples to understand the superior effect of nature based solutions to enhance the sustainabilit y of catchment systems by promoting desirable soil and landscape functions. The use of concepts such as connectivity and the theory of system thinking framework allowed to review coastal and river management as a guide to evaluate other strategies to achieve sustainability. In land management NBSs are not mainstream management. Through a set of case studies: organic farming in Spain; rewilding in Slovenia; land restoration in Iceland, s…

Primary identities in the lower Omo valley: migration, cataclysm, conflict and amalgamation, 1750–1910

2011

This article applies the notion of primary identity to explore the emergence of ethnic identities in the southern-most tract of the lower Omo valley. Current identities here are the result of two correlated patterns of movement that have occurred over the past 150 years: migration to the valley by organised pastoralists and scattered groups, and a general movement down the river and into the Omo delta, where the ecological niche generated by the regular flooding of the Omo River provided a rich variety of livelihood alternatives. The major migrations reported here were connected to great population movements that occurred in East Africa from the nineteenth century, often provoked by catacly…

Border diplomacy and state-building in north-western Ethiopia,c. 1965–1977

2017

In the first half of the twentieth century, the north-western lowlands of imperial Ethiopia were the typical interstitial frontier of the Ethiopian–Sudanese borderlands. Starting in the early 1960s, a cash crop revolution paved the way to the transformation of the Mazega into a settlement frontier and the emergence of a dispute with Sudan for demarcation of the international border. This article explores the entanglement between the political economy of frontier governance and border diplomacy in the contested area. It highlights how the management of the border dispute was deeply affected by the contradictory interests of the various layers of government and “twilight” entities that projec…

The politics of space in Borana Oromo, Ethiopia: demographics, elections, identity and customary institutions

2010

This article addresses the protracted state of political violence in and around the Borana and Guji zones of Oromia region after the introduction of ethnic federalism in Ethiopia. To account for the persistence of the conflict, we must elaborate on the connections between ethnic identity, natural resource and customary institutions by introducing the notion of oprimary identityo. Since the turn of the millennium there is in Ethiopia a theoretically grounded attempt to co-opt customary institutions and elders into modern governance, particularly in the pastoral sector. Field-research focused on the interplay of customary and modern politics during two electoral events, the 2004 referendum or…

Climate variability and agricultural production efficiency: evidence from Ethiopian farmers

2020

It is known that climate and weather variability have negative impacts on agricultural production efficiency. The aim of this study is to analyse the impact of climatic variables on farms’ efficiency in Ethiopia making use of nationally representative datasets from Living Standards Measurement Study–Integrated Surveys on Agriculture (LSMS-ISA) 2011/2012. By using the Stochastic Frontier Approach, we estimate simultaneously the farmers’ optimal production function and technical inefficiency equations, taking into account unobserved heterogeneity of farmers. Our main findings show that climate change variables have a positive effect on households’ efficiency but the impact depends on the diff…

Ethiopia and international aid: development between high modernism and exceptional measures

2016

The chapter explores the relationship between aid, foreign investments and the failure of democratization in Ethiopia across historical periods.

Comparative study of the effectiveness of educational policies of inclusion in France and sub-Saharan Africa: a literature review

2013

Recommended by international bodies (UNESCO, 2006; 2008), inclusive education is based on the principle of equal opportunity. It aims to promote inclusion in the broad sense of the term by addressing specific audiences excluded or marginalized from educational systems. In recent years, regulatory frameworks have been defined for the education of certain categories excluded from educational systems including children with disabilities. Educational policies concerned with taking into account the needs of this group are also implemented. Do these policies promote effective integration of students with disabilities? To what extent can these policies be considered as effective? This paper presen…

The impact of climate change on the distribution of rural income in Ethiopia

2018

Recent evidence suggests that global climate change is likely to increase the incidence of environmental disasters, as well as the frequency of extreme weather events. As a result, it is generally recognized that climate and weather variability has negative impacts on households’ welfare relying mainly on agriculture. In Ethiopia, 95% of the population depends on rain-fed agriculture and consequently the economic impact of climate change is crucial for small-scale farmers’ food security and welfare. The objective of this study is to provide a comprehensive analysis of the impact of climate change on rural households’ welfare in Ethiopia by using a Quantile Regression (QR) analysis. The main…