Search results for "european Union"

Ograniczenia swobody przemieszczania się i pobytu obywateli UE uzasadnione względami porządku oraz bezpieczeństwa publicznego

2016

Europeanization of public policies: mMyths and paradoxes

2015

The goal of this chapter is to investigate the state of the art in the research on Europeanization of public policies. It seeks to identify and discuss the main explanatory variables applied to understand to variations of the level and scope of Europeanisation in different sectors and policies. In the first step the author operationalizes the concept of Europeanization for the purpose of analyzing its influence on the public policies. Then, consequently this study overviews the Europeanisation mechanisms through which the transformative impact coming from the supranational level becomes effective. Next, it suggests some methods in which this problem is researched in other EU member states a…

Unlawful Aid and Public Undertakings: Vertical Direct Effect of Article 108(3), third sentence TFEU

2021

This paper addresses the position of public undertakings that may appear in a State aid law-related context in their capacity of intermediaries or grantors of aid vis-à-vis Article 108(3), third sentence, TFEU, to check whether the standstill obligation directly applies to public undertakings where they act to grant or disburse State aid. Public undertakings must refrain from granting aid in breach of the standstill obligation, as addressees of the standstill obligation. Where a public undertaking fails to apply Article 108(3) TFEU, it opens itself to claims based on Union law, including claims for damages. Union law is stated as it stood on 20 June 2021.

Performance Dissimilarities in European Union Manufacturing: The Effect of Ownership and Technological Intensity

2021

Our paper addresses the relevance of a set of continuous and categorical variables that describe industry characteristics to differences in performance between foreign versus locally owned companies in industries with dissimilar levels of technological intensity. Including data on manufacturing sector performance from 20 European Union member countries and covering the 2009–2016 period, we used the random forests methodology to identify the best predictors of EU manufacturing industries’ a priori classification based on two main attributes: ownership (foreign versus local) and technological intensity. We found that EU foreign-owned businesses dominate locally owned ones in terms of size, wh…

The territorial dimension in the EU programming and the New Framework for Public Policies: Territorial Tural Development, CAP Reform and new LEADER

2012

Lo que venimos denominando como perspectiva territorial del desarrollo es un fenómeno bastante reciente en el contexto de la Unión Europea, de apenas dos décadas. En esencia esta perspectiva territorial del desarrollo se ha centrado en un enfoque local de los procesos de desarrollo en las áreas rurales, de la mano, principalmente, de instrumentos como LEADER. La necesidad de incorporar la dimensión territorial a los procesos de desarrollo proviene no solo del éxito global de estos instrumentos, sino también por el convencimiento de que puede constituir un elemento fundamental de cara a la cohesión económica y social en el seno de la UE. Avances recientes, como el Libro Verde de la Cohesión …

Measurement of Low Concentration of Nanosized Objects Suspended in a Liquid Medium

2018

The new optical scheme of refractometer with temperature stabilisation 10-2 °C is developed, which allows measuring a refractive index of the sample with accuracy not worse than 10-5; dependence of refraction index on concentration of SiO2 nanoparticles in liquid suspension is obtained within the framework of the research.

Regional Economic Integration in the Southern African Development Community (SADC): Analysing the Dynamics and Performance

2020

This article analyses the dynamics and performance of regional economic integration in the Southern African Development Community (SADC). It proposes an innovative theoretical approach to the analysis of regionalism that refers to cooperation theory and takes the impact of external actors explicitly into account. The motivation for this research stems from the observation of a new wave of regionalism in the Global South. Many of these new or reformed regional integration organisations (RIOs) comprise of developing countries, particularly in Africa. In contrast to expectations of most mainstream integration theories, new regionalisms in the Southern Hemisphere have come into existence and sh…

Вивчення країн та регiонiв як найвагомiших одиниць сoцiальнo-пoлiтiчнoї opгaнiзaцiї cвiту. Кaфeдрi крaїнoзнaвcтвa i мiжнapoднoгo туpизму–16 poкiв

2017

Theoretical and methodological problems of country studies and regional studies in the context of creating and functioning of the Department of Country Studies and International Tourism at the Faculty of International Relations of Ivan Franko National University of Lviv are being researched in the article. In the rather complicated current geopolitical situation it is especially important for Ukraine to strengthen its status quo on the intemational arena, as well as to build its own system of intemational relations that are focused on the govemment interest. Therefore political elite of Ukraine should have its own vision of every country’s part in global regional political economic and cult…

Early warning on insolvency in the European Union law

2020

Rapid diagnosis of the risk of an entrepreneur’s insolvency is of great importance for the socio-economic environment. This issue is of particular importance in the context of the financial crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. The insolvency resulting in the announced bankruptcy brings a lot of harm to the debtors themselves (their shareholders), creditors and the entire economy. A much better solution is the restructuring of the debtor. For the purposes of predicting insolvency can be used Artificial Intelligence although traditional methods are also in use. For these reasons, in European Union law, the Restructuring Directive focuses on the anticipation of debtor’s insolvency. The text…

The Actuarial Balance Sheet for Pay-As-You-Go Finance: Solvency Indicators for Spain and Sweden

2008

This paper provides the first estimate of the actuarial balance of the Spanish contributory pension system for the old-age contingency, based on official data. The main accounting entries are developed from the principles of double-entry bookkeeping. The novel entry in the balance sheet, entitled the ‘contribution asset’ or ‘hidden asset’, is at the centre of the theoretical discussion. A comparison between the official balance sheet for the Swedish notional account system and our balance sheet for the Spanish contributory pension system is also provided. The main finding is that the Spanish pension system has an insolvency rate of 31.4 per cent. The policy implication is that unless curren…