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showing 10 items of 5033 documents
One year after the ESC/EAS guidelines on cholesterol control. What's the new evidence? What's missing?
2021
The recent ESC/EAS 2019 Guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias are centred on the causal role of low density lipoprotein (LDL), or more generally apolipoprotein B (apoB)-containing lipoproteins, in atherosclerosis as an essential principle. Despite updated goals and recommendations, that have further highlighted the importance of a powerful reduction in LDL-C levels to reduce the individual CV risk, some challenges remain to be addressed in view of future guideline elaboration. In this review, we will summarize the new evidence from clinical trials since 2019 guideline release and discuss the possible challenges for the future.
Social disparities, health risk behaviors, and cancer
2013
Background: Overall cancer incidence rates decreased in the most recent time period in both men and women, largely due to improvements in surgical therapeutic approaches (tertiary prevention) and screening programs (secondary prevention), but differences in cancer incidence and survival according to socioeconomic status are documented worldwide. Health risk behaviors, defined as habits or practices that increase an individual’s likelihood of harmful health outcomes, are thought to mediate such inequalities. Discussion: Obesity has been related with increased cancer incidence and mortality due to imbalance of leptin and adiponectin which are connected to activation of PI3K, MAPK, and STAT3 p…
Antiplatelets in stroke prevention
2014
Stroke is the second cause of death worldwide and one of the leading cause of disability. Due to the high rate of recurrence, in high risk-patients (eg patients affected by atherosclerotic vascular disease), long-term antiplatelet therapy reduces the risk of vascular events such as non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke, or vascular death. The percentage of reduction of the events can be estimated in approximately 25%. These data justify the directions that are given to us by the current guidelines for prevention of secondary stroke, which recommend the broad use of antiplatelet therapy both for the secondary prevention of stroke in patients with a history of non-cardioembolic st…
Antiplatelet treatment in ischemic stroke treatment.
2009
Antiplatelets represent a diverse group of agents that share the ability to reduce platelet activity through a variety of mechanisms. Antithrombotic agents are effective in the secondary prevention of ischemic strokes. Most strokes are caused by a sudden blockage of an artery in the brain (called an ischaemic stroke) that is usually due to a blood clot. Immediate treatment with antiplatelet drugs such as aspirin may prevent new clots from forming and hence improve recovery after stroke. Several studies have evaluated the role of one antiplatelet agent, aspirin, in reducing stroke severity. The International Stroke Trial (IST) of 20,000 patients with acute stroke from other countries. In thi…
Identification of a plausible serum uric acid cut-off value as prognostic marker of stroke: the Uric Acid Right for Heart Health (URRAH) study
2021
The Working Group on Uric Acid and Cardiovascular Risk of the Italian Society of Hypertension conceived and designed an ad hoc study aimed at searching for prognostic cut-off values of serum uric acid (SUA) in predicting combined (fatal and non-fatal) cerebrovascular (CBV) events in the whole database. The URic acid Right for heArt Health study is a nationwide, multicenter, observational cohort study involving data on subjects aged 18-95 years recruited on a regional community basis from all the territory of Italy under the patronage of the Italian Society of Hypertension with a mean follow-up period of 120.7 ± 61.8 months. A total of 14,588 subjects were included in the analysis. A prognos…
Lipid triad or atherogenic lipoprotein phenotype: a role in cardiovascular prevention?
2005
The term "lipid triad" or "atherogenic lipoprotein phenotype" has been introduced to describe a common form of dyslipidemia, characterized by three lipid abnormalities: increased plasma triglyceride levels, decreased HDL-cholesterol concentrations and the presence of small, dense LDL particles. It has been suggested that the clinical importance of the atherogenic lipoprotein phenotype probably exceeds that of LDL-cholesterol, because many more patients with coronary artery disease are found to have this trait than hypercholesterolaemia. There is a body of evidence that therapies effective against plasma HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides are associated with a strong reduction of cardiovascul…
Update on the role of the atherogenic lipoprotein phenotype in cardiovascular prevention
2009
Higher plasma triglyceride levels and decreased HDL-cholesterol concentrations are usually accompanied by the presence of small, dense LDL in the so-called lipid triad or ‘atherogenic lipoprotein phenotype’. This phenotype is highly atherogenic and its prevalence may suggest an even higher overall burden of atherosclerotic disease as compared with that associated with hypercholesterolemia. As stated by the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III, there is evidence suggesting each component of this lipid triad is individually atherogenic. However, the relative contribution of each component cannot be easily determined. Therefore, it has been suggested to consider th…
Should we measure routinely the LDL peak particle size?
2004
Low density lipoproteins (LDL) do not show in humans a normal distribution and comprise two different main fractions: large, buoyant (phenotype pattern A) and small, dense (phenotype pattern B) particles, that differ not only in size and density but also in physicochemical composition, metabolic behaviour and atherogenicity. The prevalence of small, dense LDL changes with age (30-35% in adult men, 5-10% in men <20 years and in pre-menopausal women, 15-25% in postmenopausal women) and is genetically influenced, with a heritability ranging from 35% to 45%. Small, dense LDL correlate negatively with plasma HDL levels and positively with plasma triglyceride levels and are associated with the me…
EPR dosimetry intercomparison using smart phone touch screen glass
2014
International audience; This paper presents the results of an interlaboratory comparison of retrospective dosimetry using the electron paramagnetic resonance method. The test material used in this exercise was glass coming from the touch screens of smart phones that might be used as fortuitous dosimeters in a large-scale radiological incident. There were 13 participants to whom samples were dispatched, and 11 laboratories reported results. The participants received five calibration samples (0, 0.8, 2, 4, and 10 Gy) and four blindly irradiated samples (0, 0.9, 1.3, and 3.3 Gy). Participants were divided into two groups: for group A (formed by three participants), samples came from a homogene…
Brain event-related potentials to phoneme contrasts and their correlation to reading skills in school-age children
2017
Development of reading skills has been shown to be tightly linked to phonological processing skills and to some extent to speech perception abilities. Although speech perception is also known to play a role in reading development, it is not clear which processes underlie this connection. Using event-related potentials (ERPs) we investigated the speech processing mechanisms for common and uncommon sound contrasts (/ba/-/da/-/ga/ and /ata/-/at: a/) with respect to the native language of school-age children in Finland and the US. In addition, a comprehensive behavioral test battery of reading and phonological processing was administered. ERPs revealed that the children could discriminate betw…