Search results for "event"
showing 10 items of 4065 documents
Self-Efficacy, Planning, or a Combination of Both? A Longitudinal Experimental Study Comparing Effects of Three Interventions on Adolescents’ Body Fat
2016
Author(s): Luszczynska, Aleksandra; Hagger, Martin S; Banik, Anna; Horodyska, Karolina; Knoll, Nina; Scholz, Urte | Abstract: BackgroundThe superiority of an intervention combining two sets of theory-based behavior change techniques targeting planning and self-efficacy over an intervention targeting planning only or self-efficacy only has rarely been investigated.PurposeWe compared the influence of self-efficacy, planning, and self-efficacy+planning interventions with an education-based control condition on adolescents' body fat, assuming mediating effects of respective social cognitive variables and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). The moderating role of the built environment…
Predicting school students’ physical activity intentions in leisure-time and school recess contexts: Testing an integrated model based on self-determ…
2021
BackgroundIdentifying psychological correlates of children's physical activity intentions may signpost potentially modifiable targets for interventions aimed at promoting physical activity participation. School recess and leisure-time outside of school are appropriate contexts in which such interventions may be delivered. However, few studies have identified correlates of physical activity intentions in these environments. Examining correlates in these contexts may provide formative evidence on which to base interventions to promote physical activity.PurposeThe current study adopted an integrated theoretical model to test relations between motivational constructs from self-determination the…
Social cognition theories and behavior change in COVID-19: A conceptual review.
2022
The COVID-19 pandemic has had unprecedented health, economic, and social consequences worldwide. Although contact reductions and wearing face coverings have reduced infection rates, and vaccines have reduced illness severity, emergence of new variants of the coronavirus that causes COVID-19, and the shift from pandemic to endemic patterns of infection, highlights the importance of ongoing preventive behavior adherence to manage future outbreaks. Research applying social cognition theories may assist in explaining variance in these behaviors and inform the development of efficacious behavior change interventions to promote adherence. In the present article, we summarize research applying the…
“Mega-Sports Events, Gentrification and Social Mobilization in Rio de Janeiro” - Experiences from Metrô Mangueira
2017
Master's thesis Development management UT503 - University of Agder 2017 In order to promote gentrification of the city of Rio de Janeiro, the Brazilian government and the municipality of Rio de Janeiro have actively used Mega-Sports Events (MSE) in urban planning. Examples are tax cuts and the legalization of various measures for large-scale urban programs, to prepare the city for hosting these prestigious events. Whilst trying to fulfil the obligations from MSEs, the host city denies its citizens access to democratic participation and thereby their right to the city. The promises made to the international sportive federations regarding upgraded infrastructure, sportive arenas, media covera…
Patterns of Boys' Social Adjustment in Two Cultures and at Different Ages: A Longitudinal Perspective
1992
In the comparison of two longitudinal studies, patterns of boys' social adjustment were identified by using aggression, hyperactivity, inattentiveness, anxiety, and lack of prosocial behaviour as clustering variables. Eight comparable clusters were obtained across two cultures, French Canada and Finland; three age groups, 6, 8, and 10 years; and two decades, the 1960s and 1980s. The clusters confirmed three frequently used categories of behaviour: (1) normal (for no adjustment problems); (2) anxious; and (3) inattentive; two infrequently used categories: (1) passive; and (2) nervous; and the importance of subcategorising aggressive-hyperactive boys into three categories: (1) bully; (2) unc…
Facing natural disasters through the endorsement of authoritarian attitudes
2020
Abstract We analyzed the relations between exposure to news describing a natural disaster and right-wing authoritarianism (RWA) with 241 Italian adults, surveyed twice, before and after a severe earthquake. Our results were compatible with the idea that the exposure to earthquake news led to an increase in RWA among people who had low, but not among who had relatively high, authoritarian levels before the event. We discuss the findings in terms of compensatory control, and highlight strengths and limitations of the study.
Stress conceptions in life event research: Towards a person‐centred perspective
1987
The present article focuses on a discussion of the theoretical foundations of life event research. Since critical life events are usually regarded as stressful events, the main question is which concepts of stress are employed in different life event approaches and what is their rationale. The discussion centres on two topics that have to be treated independently: the question of specificity vs nonspecificity and the question of individualized vs normative weightings. It is shown that different life event approaches rely on different concepts of stress. Numerous objections lead to a rejection of the nonspecificity concept and a normative proceeding. However, even when a specificity view of…
Actitudes de la policía ante la intervención en casos de violencia contra la mujer en las relaciones de pareja: influencia del sexismo y la empatia
2010
This study analyzed the influence of sexism (benevolent and hostile) and empathy on police attitudes towards intervening in partner violence against women (preferences to enforce the law depending on whether the victim is willing to press charges against the offender). The sample was 409 police officers. Results from a 2x2x2 factorial design yielded main effects of benevolent sexism, and a significant interaction between hostile sexism and empathy. Implications for training and selection of police officers working in the area of partner violence against women are considered.
Does self-acceptance captured by life narratives and self-report predict mental health? A longitudinal multi-method approach
2019
Abstract We aimed to investigate the validity of different self-acceptance measures to predict mental health. Self-acceptance and negative life events, assessed via self-report and rated from life narratives (N = 149), served as predictors of mental health at baseline (T1) and four years later (T2). Path models showed distinguishable, complementary effects of self-reports and other-ratings. A moderate congruence of self- and other-ratings of self-acceptance was observed. Exploratory analyses revealed an association of self-acceptance with emotional words in life narratives. Controlling for negative life events, a positive link and a moderating effect of self-acceptance on mental health at T…
The individuals’ interest in preventing everyday accidents and crises : A Swedish explorative study of the importance of motivation
2014
This explorative study presents an empirical examination of the connection between motivation and the measures individuals take to prevent everyday accidents and prepare for crises. Positional factors (age and gender) and situational factors (education, size of locality, and household composition) are included because the literature highlights their importance. The study used data gathered in a 2010/2011 poll of randomly selected Swedish residents aged 16–75 (N = 2000; 44.8% response rate). A factor analysis reduced the theoretical model for situational motivation (Guay, Vallerand, & Blanchard, 2000) from four to two dimensions: motivation and amotivation. Subsequent regression analyses sta…