Search results for "evidence"
showing 10 items of 1050 documents
Improved drug-use patterns at 6 months post-discharge from inpatient substance use disorder treatment: Results from compulsorily and voluntarily admi…
2016
Background Treatment services to patients with substance use disorders (SUDs), including those mandated to treatment, needs to be evaluated and evidence based. The Norwegian Municipal Health Care Act calls for mandated treatment for persons with “severe and life-threatening substance use disorder” if these individuals are not otherwise willing to be voluntarily treated and consequently risk their lives over drug use. This study aims to examine substance use–related outcomes at 6 months following inpatient treatment and to analyse factors associated with improved outcomes and abstinence. Method This prospective study followed 202 hospitalized patients with SUD who were admitted voluntarily (…
Factors associated with the activities of safety representatives in Spanish workplaces
2007
Objective: To describe the activities of safety representatives in workplaces in Spain. Methods: A specific questionnaire was applied to a representative sample of safety representatives. Activities developed during the past year, presented in a closed ended list, were categorised into three groups: information and advising; participation in occupational health management; and pressure on or negotiation with employers. Personal phone interviews were conducted from September to December 2004. A sample of 1201 interviews was attained. Crude and multivariate analyses were carried out. Results: Spanish safety representatives were mostly men (76%), aged 26 to 45 years (62%), with fixed contracts…
Education Leads to a More Physically Active Lifestyle : Evidence Based on Mendelian Randomization
2019
Physical inactivity is a major health risk worldwide. Observational studies suggest that higher education is positively related to physical activity, but it is not clear whether this relationship constitutes a causal effect. Using participants (N = 1651) drawn from the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study linked to nationwide administrative data from Statistics Finland, this study examined whether educational attainment, measured by years of education, is related to adulthood physical activity in terms of overall physical activity, weekly hours of intensive activity, total steps per day, and aerobic steps per day. We employed ordinary least squares (OLS) models and extended the analysis…
Transtheoretical model-based dietary interventions in primary care: a review of the evidence in diabetes
2008
The objective of this study was to review the evidence concerning stage-based dietary interventions in primary care among persons with diabetes or an elevated diabetes risk. Search strategies were electronic databases and manual search. Selection criteria were randomized controlled studies with stage-based dietary intervention, conducted in primary care with at least 6 months of follow-up, and participants with either type 2 diabetes or with an elevated risk. The researchers evaluated trials for inclusion, extracted data and assessed study quality. Seven articles, based on five data sets, were included. These studies concentrated on cardiovascular diseases and being overweight, not diabetes…
Hepatitis B virus markers among family contacts of asymptomatic HBsAg carriers.
1979
A study was undertaken to establish the risk of family contacts of HBsAg carriers acquiring a hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. About one-third of all household contacts of asymptomatic HBsAg carriers had signs of past or ongoing HBV infection. Family contacts of HBsAg carriers with high numbers of circulating Dane particles were shown to have a higher risk of developing HBV infection than family contacts of HBsAg carriers without serological evidence of HBV synthesis. The probability of acquiring HBV infection was not different between spouses, parents, children, and brothers and sisters, respectively of asymptomatic HBsAg carriers.
The effect of physical activity on long-term income.
2013
Abstract Empirical evidence for the direct effects of physical activities on long-term labor market outcomes is limited. This state of affairs is surprising, because there is a growing amount of support on the positive effects of physical activities on health on the one hand and on the effects of good health on labor market outcomes on the other hand. We examine the long-term income effects of physical activity using a large sample ( N = 5042) of male twins from Finland (Older Finnish Twin Cohort Study, 1975, 1981, 1990), matched to detailed register-based income data (Finnish Longitudinal Employer-Employee Data, 1990–2004). Our primary income measure is calculated over a fifteen-year peri…
Prevalence of surgical site infections before and after the implementation of a multimodal infection control programme
2012
Objectives: In order to assess the prevalence of surgical site infections (SSIs) before and after the implementation of a multimodal infection control programme including the realization of a campaign to increase compliance with guidelines for antimicrobial prophylaxis, we designed and conducted the present study involving all 20 of the surgical departments of a large teaching hospital in Catania, Italy. Patients and methods: SSI definitions of the Hospital in Europe Link for Infection Control through Surveillance (HELICS) protocol were used in four 1 day point-prevalence surveys. After the first survey, an infection control programme was implemented involving the active commitment of surge…
Family-centered practices and the parental well-being of young children with disabilities and developmental delay.
2019
Abstract Background Research evidence from studies in North America on the relationships between family-centered practices, parents’ self-efficacy beliefs, parenting confidence and competence beliefs, and parents’ psychological well-being was used to confirm or disconfirm the same relationships in two studies in Spain. Aims The aim of Study 1 was to determine if results from studies in North America could be replicated in Spain and the aim of Study 2 was to determine if results from Study 1 could be replicated with a second sample of families in Spain. Methods and procedures A survey including the study measures was used to obtain data needed to evaluate the relationships among the variable…
Physical Activity Engagement in Young People with Down Syndrome: Investigating Parental Beliefs
2015
Background Despite the wide documentation of the physical/psychological benefits derived from regular physical activity (PA), high levels of inactivity are reported among people with Down syndrome. This study aims to explore parental beliefs concerning involvement, facilitators/barriers and benefits of PA in young people. Method Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 13 parents of young people with Down syndrome. Results Three facilitation themes were identified: (i) the support derived from family; (ii) the availability of APA (Adapted Physical Activity) expert instructors and coaches; (iii) the challenging nature of sport activities. Three barrier themes were identified: (i) the l…
Does Implementation Follow Design? A Case Study of a Workplace Health Promotion Program Using the 4-S Program Design and the PIPE Impact Metric Evalu…
2017
Objective: The aim of this study was to describe the content of a multiyear market-based workplace health promotion (WHP) program and to evaluate design and implementation processes in a real-world setting. Methods: Data was collected from the databases of the employer and the service provider. It was classified using the 4-S (Size, Scope, Scalability, and Sustainability) and PIPE Impact Metric (Penetration, Implementation) models. Data analysis utilized both qualitative and quantitative methods. Results: Program design covered well the evidence-informed best practices except for clear path toward sustainability, cooperation with occupational health care, and support from middle-management …