Search results for "evidence"
showing 10 items of 1050 documents
Neural Adaptations to Strength Training
2018
Scientific study of strength training has revealed numerous physiological mechanisms that contribute to: (1) acute fatigue from a single strength training session and (2) chronic adaptation to repetitive and systematic strength training. Therefore, the purpose of this chapter is initially to discuss potential neural mechanisms that influence force production from the perspective of a single repetition. Thereafter, the chapter will highlight scientific evidence for candidate neural mechanisms that acutely limit force production during a single strength training session and long-term adaptations caused by strength training. For some of these potential neural mechanisms, there is strong scient…
Students’ multiple state goals as a function of appraisals, trait goals, and their interactions
2017
Abstract Although many motivational theories have emphasized that person- and situation-based aspects should be recognized simultaneously when explaining actual learning behavior, not much is known about the occurrence of state goals. The model of adaptive learning (Boekaerts & Niemivierta, 2000) proposes that state goals are influenced by trait goals, perceptions of the situation (i.e., appraisals), and interactions between trait goals and appraisals. Nevertheless, empirical evidence for this model is scarce. The present study aimed to overcome this research deficit by integrating trait goals and appraisals as well as their interactions in explaining state goals in authentic learning episo…
A checklist to assess the quality of survey studies in psychology
2020
Abstract Study quality is emerging as an essential component of evidence syntheses. It allows practitioners and policymakers to make informed decisions based on the quality of the evidence reviewed. Study quality is typically assessed by checklists of pre-determined quality criteria. Few study quality checklists have been systematically evaluated, and none have been developed specifically for survey studies in psychology. The present study addresses this evidence gap by developing the quality of survey studies in psychology (Q-SSP) checklistusing an expert-consensus method. An international panel of experts in psychology research and quality assessment (N = 53) evaluated the inclusion and i…
Preprinting is positively associated with early career researcher status in ecology and evolution.
2021
Abstract The usage of preprint servers in ecology and evolution is increasing, allowing research to be rapidly disseminated and available through open access at no cost. Early Career Researchers (ECRs) often have limited experience with the peer review process, which can be challenging when trying to build publication records and demonstrate research ability for funding opportunities, scholarships, grants, or faculty positions. ECRs face different challenges relative to researchers with permanent positions and established research programs. These challenges might also vary according to institution size and country, which are factors associated with the availability of funding for open acces…
Creatividad y Personalidad a través de Dominios: Una revisión crítica
2017
Este artículo tiene por objetivo ofrecer una visión completa y actualizada de las relaciones entre creatividad y personalidad. Se presenta una revisión crítica de las relaciones entre los distintos rasgos de personalidad, fundamentalmente desde los modelos de los Cinco Grandes (FFM) y de los Tres Gigantes, y la creatividad. Se reflexiona en torno a las repercusiones que el debate sobre la generalidad-especificidad de dominio conlleva sobre la relación entre creatividad y personalidad, y se presentan los hallazgos de los estudios más recientes con muestras por dominios. Se revisan propuestas teóricas que tienen como objetivo superar la fragmentación y el estancamiento del campo, conciliar la…
Immigrants’ Networks, Distance, and Trade Creation Effects: An Study Employing Province-Level Data for Italy, Spain and Portugal
2014
Neoclassical trade theory assumed international flows of goods (commodities) to be substituting for people (factor) flows under certain circumstances. However, recent empirical evidence shows a complementary relationship between these two types of flows, with migration creating new trade exchanges. Immigrants tend to form networks across borders, reducing fixed trade costs. They also retain some preference for their home-produced goods. These two channels provide the rationale of the immigration trade-enhancing linkage. In this study we investigate that issue for the cases of Italy, Spain and Portugal, employing province-level data for the period 2002–2010. Results show that the first chann…
What is effective pedagogy for multilingual learners? Observations of teaching that challenges inequity-the OPETAN project in England
2020
There is little empirical evidence regarding how best to prepare general education teachers for the challenge of supporting multilingual learners. This is both regarding helping learners develop the language of schooling, and achieving academic success (Faltis & Valdés, 2016). Similarly, little is known about what in-service teachers should know, and what pedagogical perspective they should adopt, to achieve these aims (Faltis & Valdés, 2016; Takanishi & Le Menestrel, 2017). However, there is a promising line of research that proposes an observation tool to evaluate classroom pedagogy: ‘The Standards for Effective Pedagogy’ (the ‘Standards’ 2014; Teemant, 2015). The OPETAN project (Observat…
Placentofagia: moda, mit czy terapia?
2018
The article describes the increasingly popular phenomenon of placentophagy. It is becoming more and more common in the First World countries of the West, where a woman can take her placenta home after delivering a baby. It is forbidden under the Polish law. The first part of the text focuses on the origins of placentophagy, the reasons for its popularity and for showcasing motives for which people eat parts of their own bodies. The text explores opinions confirming the positive impact of placenta consumption and the medical evidence refuting the majority of these theses. The second part of the article is in turn focused on practices of treating placenta in traditional culture and the reason…
Promoting good practice in health promotion in Spain: the potential role of a new agency.
2016
AbstractHealth promotion (HP) activities should be evaluated both in terms of process and results. However there remains a lack of information regarding the types of HP community interventions that are performed in our country, which of these are based on the best available evidence, and how the evidence available can be translated into HP recommendations for action? Spain does not have a dedicated body to answer such questions. If one existed, its role should be to identify the full range of interventions available to promote health, evaluate them and, in cases where there are positive results, facilitate their transfer and implementation. The aim of this article is to reflect on the need …
Hardiness as a moderator variable between the Big-Five Model and work effort
2015
Abstract The aim of the present study is to analyse hardiness as a moderator variable among personality traits, assessed using the Big-Five or Five Factor Model (FFM) and responses in work effort of workers confronted with stress. Using a multi-occupational sample of 403 subjects, statistically significant correlations between the factors of the FFM and work effort were found, as well as between hardiness and effort, as predicted by the theoretical model. Finally, empirical evidence indicates that hardiness performs a moderating role between the factors of FFM and effort displayed, in the sense that hardiness (understood as a quantitative variable) affects the intensity of the relationship …