Search results for "evolution"
showing 10 items of 11096 documents
Bright spots in the darkness of cancer: A review of starfishes-derived compounds and their anti-tumor action
2019
The fight against cancer represents a great challenge for researchers and, for this reason, the search for new promising drugs to improve cancer treatments has become inevitable. Oceans, due to their wide diversity of marine species and environmental conditions have proven to be precious sources of potential natural drugs with active properties. As an example, in this context several studies performed on sponges, tunicates, mollusks, and soft corals have brought evidence of the interesting biological activities of the molecules derived from these species. Also, echinoderms constitute an important phylum, whose members produce a huge number of compounds with diverse biological activities. In…
Dynamics in stochastic evolutionary models
2014
First published: 01 February 2016 We characterize transitions between stochastically stable states and relative ergodic probabilities in the theory of the evolution of conventions. We give an application to the fall of hegemonies in the evolutionary theory of institutions and conflict, and illustrate the theory with the fall of the Qing dynasty and the rise of communism in China. We are especially indebted to Juan Block for his many comments and suggestions. We would also like to thank Drew Fudenberg, Kevin Hasker, Matt Jackson, Peyton Young, and five anonymous referees. We are grateful to NSF Grant SES-08-51315 and to the MIUR PRIN 20103S5RN3 for financial support.
Adolescents with poorly controlled type 1 diabetes : psychological flexibility is associated with the glycemic control, quality of life and depressiv…
2021
This study investigates the role of psychological flexibility in relation to glycaemic control (HbA1c) and quality of life among adolescents with poorly-controlled diabetes. Adolescents (n = 65, aged 12–16 years) completed the Children and Adolescents Mindfulness Measure (CAMM), the Diabetes Acceptance and Action Scale for Children and Adolescents (DAAS), the Depression Scale (RBDI), and the Health-Related Quality of Life Scale (KINDL-R). HbA1c values were collected from medical records. A higher level of psychological flexibility was associated with better glycaemic control, better quality of life, and lower levels of depressive and anxiety symptoms. Mediation analysis showed that diabetes…
Early sudden gains in an acceptance and values-based intervention: Effects on treatment outcome for depression and psychological flexibility
2018
Abstract Objective The aim of this study was to explore early temporal patterns of change in a treatment delivered by novice therapists. We examined if early sudden gains (ESGs) in a six-session acceptance and values-based intervention would produce superior treatment outcomes when compared to slower improvements. Method The temporal patterns of change of 56 clients diagnosed with depression were analyzed. ESGs were defined as reaching the status of recovered or improved in the Reliable Change Index (RCI) (Jacobson & Truax (1991)) classification after two sessions. The group with ESGs was then compared to participants without ESGs for differences in treatment outcome on measures of symptoma…
The role of thought suppression and psychological inflexibility in older family caregivers’ psychological symptoms and quality of life
2021
Abstract Background Family caregivers often report high levels of distress, including depressive symptoms, anxiety, and reduced quality of life. There is a need for a greater understanding of the factors influencing, explaining, and maintaining psychological distress in family caregivers. Aim The aim of this study was to examine whether avoidance strategies such as thought suppression (WBSI), psychological inflexibility (AAQ-II), and, and caregiver experiential avoidance (EACQ) predict psychological distress (BDI-II, GAD-7) and quality of life (WHOQOL) in family caregivers aged 60 and over. We hypothesized that these avoidance strategies would explain elevated levels of psychological sympto…
A brief Acceptance and Commitment Therapy intervention for depression : A randomized controlled trial with 3-year follow-up for the intervention group
2018
Abstract Objective This study examined the outcomes of a brief Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) intervention for depression delivered by novice therapists. Method Participants (N = 115) were randomized either to the brief (six sessions) ACT or to a waitlist control condition (WLC). Outcomes were assessed with diagnoses of depressive episodes (ICD-10) and questionnaires. Results After the 6-week intervention, diagnostic remission rates were 60% in the ACT and 22% in the control group. Further, 70% of the ACT participants were classified as either recovered or improved. The post-measurement between-group effect size for depression symptoms was large and favored the ACT group (BDI-II, d…
What happens after five years?: The long-term effects of a four-session Acceptance and Commitment Therapy delivered by student therapists for depress…
2017
Brief interventions can be viable treatment options worth consideration in addressing the growing need for treatments of subclinical and clinical depressive symptoms. However, there is uncertainty regarding the long-term benefits of these interventions. The aim was to examine the long-term (5-year) effects of a 4-session Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) intervention for low mood delivered by novice therapists in order to see whether lasting effects could be achieved cost-effectively with four intervention sessions. Originally, 57 self-referred clients were randomized into two groups: an intervention group and a waiting-list control group which received treatment later. The groups wer…
Long-term stability of early sudden gains in an acceptance and values-based intervention
2019
Though previous research has extensively reported that sudden gains are associated with superior treatment results, research on the long-term effects and stability of sudden gains is not as consistent. The current study explored the long-term stability of early sudden gains (ESGs) observed in a brief acceptance and values-based intervention for depression provided by novice therapists. The participants were 56 volunteers diagnosed with major depressive disorder. Among the participants, 23% experienced ESGs, i.e. they reached the status of improved or recovered in the Reliable Change Index (RCI; Jacobson & Truax, 1991) classification after only two sessions. The current study examined the le…
Characterization of the mutualistic endosymbiosis between intracellular bacteria and mealybugs (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)
2015
Simbiosis, del griego sym “con” y biosis “vivir”, hace referencia a la asociación estable entre individuos de dos o más especies (simbiontes) que muestran interdependencia a cualquier nivel biológico. La ubicuidad de las asociaciones simbióticas en las ramas principales del árbol de la vida evidencia la relevancia global de éstas en la evolución de la vida. Las asociaciones más estudiadas son aquellas que se establecen entre procariotas y eucariotas que, habitualmente, suponen la ampliación de las capacidades metabólicas de los últimos. En este sentido, la simbiosis con bacterias intracelulares se considera un factor clave en el éxito adaptativo de los insectos. En función de su relevancia …
REVISION JAPANISCHER SPINNEN I.
1981
Nach der Untersuchung der in europaischen Museen aufbewahrten Typus-Sammlungen japanischer Spinnen wurden die folgenden Synonymien festgestellt: Theridion ferrumequinum BOSENBERG et STRAND, 1906 (Theridium meum BOSENBERG et STRAND, 1906, n. Syn.), Hypsosinga sanguinea (C.L. KOCH, 1845) (Theridium hilgendorfi KARSCH, 1879, n. Syn.) und Tetragnatha praedonia L. KOCH, 1878 (Tetragnatha nigrita niccensis STRAND, 1906, n. Syn.). Auserdem wurde erkannt, das die von LEHTINEN (1967) als Synonym des chinesischen Coelotes modestus SIMON, 1880, bezeichnete japanische Art Coelotes corasides (BOSENBERG et STRAND, 1906) eine selbstandige Art und von der chinesischen verschiedene Art ist.