Search results for "evolutionary"
showing 10 items of 4392 documents
Artificial neural networks for neutron/ γ discrimination in the neutron detectors of NEDA
2020
Three different Artificial Neural Network architectures have been applied to perform neutron/? discrimination in NEDA based on waveform and time-of-flight information. Using the coincident ?-rays from AGATA, we have been able to measure and compare on real data the performances of the Artificial Neural Networks as classifiers. While the general performances are quite similar for the data set we used, differences, in particular related to the computing times, have been highlighted. One of the Artificial Neural Network architecture has also been found more robust to time misalignment of the waveforms. Such a feature is of great interest for online processing of waveforms. Narodowe Centrum Nau…
Better the devil you know? Guidelines for insightful utilization of nrDNA ITS in species-level evolutionary studies in plants.
2006
The internal transcribed spacers (ITS) of the nuclear ribosomal 18S–5.8S–26S cistron continue to be the most popular non-plastid region for species-level phylogenetic studies of plant groups despite the early warnings about their potential Xaws, which may ultimately result in incorrect assumptions of orthology. It has been gradually realized that the alternative target regions in the nuclear genome (lowcopy nuclear genes, LCNG) are burdened with similar problems. The consequence is that, to date, developing useful LCNG for nonmodel organisms requires an investment in time and eVort that hinders its use as a real practical alternative for many labs. It is here argued that ITS sequences, desp…
Established cotton stainer gut bacterial mutualists evade regulation by host antimicrobial peptides
2019
Symbioses with microorganisms are ubiquitous in nature and confer important ecological traits to animal hosts but also require control mechanisms to ensure homeostasis of the symbiotic interactions. In addition to protecting hosts against pathogens, animal immune systems recognize, respond to, and regulate mutualists. The gut bacterial symbionts of the cotton stainer bug, Dysdercus fasciatus, elicit an immune response characterized by the upregulation of c-type lysozyme and the antimicrobial peptide pyrrhocoricin in bugs with their native gut microbiota compared to that in dysbiotic insects. In this study, we investigated the impact of the elicited antimicrobial immune response on the estab…
Predictors of enhancing human physical attractiveness: Data from 93 countries
2022
People across the world and throughout history have gone to great lengths to enhance their physical appearance. Evolutionary psychologists and ethologists have largely attempted to explain this phenomenon via mating preferences and strategies. Here, we test one of the most popular evolutionary hypotheses for beauty-enhancing behaviors, drawn from mating market and parasite stress perspectives, in a large cross-cultural sample. We also test hypotheses drawn from other influential and non-mutually exclusive theoretical frameworks, from biosocial role theory to a cultural media perspective. Survey data from 93,158 human participants across 93 countries provide evidence that behaviors such as a…
Sex Loss in Monogonont Rotifers
2009
Monogonont rotifers are small, aquatic invertebrates capable of asexual and sexual reproduction. Sexual reproduction is required to produce diapausing eggs, which are able to survive adverse periods that typically occur every year. Their cyclically parthenogenetic life-cycle is believed to retain the advantages of recombination while minimizing the cost of sex. However, this life cycle is also thought to be unstable due to periodic loss of sexual reproduction by directional selection. Explaining the evolutionary dynamics of the monogonont rotifer life cycle is important for understanding how cyclical parthenogenesis is maintained, and for comparing monogononts with their close relatives, th…
Evolutionary dynamics of ‘the’ bdelloid and monogonont rotifer life-history patterns
2006
Substantial differences in both life-table characteristics and reproductive patterns distinguish bdelloid from monogonont rotifers. Bdelloids reproduce only asexually, whereas most monogononts are cyclical parthenogens. We explore some of the adaptive consequences of these life-history differences using a computer model to simulate the evolutionary acquisition of new beneficial mutations. A one-locus mutation-selection regime based on the life-history characteristics of bdelloids indicates that asexuals can maintain higher levels of both allelic and genotypic diversity over a longer time period than obligate sexuals. These results are produced by differences in the magnitude of random genet…
Exotic Models May Offer Unique Opportunities to Decipher Specific Scientific Question: The Case ofXenopusOlfactory System
2013
The fact that olfactory systems are highly conserved in all animal species from insects to mammals allow the generalization of findings from one species to another. Most of our knowledge about the anatomy and physiology of the olfactory system comes from data obtained in a very limited number of biological models such as rodents, Zebrafish, Drosophila, and a worm, Caenorhabditis elegans. These models have proved useful to answer most questions in the field of olfaction, and thus concentrating on these few models appear to be a pragmatic strategy. However, the diversity of the organization and physiology of the olfactory system amongst phyla appear to be greater than generally assumed and th…
A Generalized Framework for Optimal Sizing of Distributed Energy Resources in Micro-Grids Using an Indicator-Based Swarm Approach
2014
In this paper, a generalized double-shell framework for the optimal design of systems managed optimally according to different criteria is developed. Optimal design is traditionally carried out by means of minimum capital and management cost formulations and does not typically consider optimized operation. In this paper, the optimized multiobjective management is explicitly considered into the design formulation. The quality of each design solution is indeed defined by the evaluation of operational costs and capital costs. Besides, the assessment of the operational costs term is deduced by means of the solution of a multiobjective optimization problem. Each design solution is evaluated usin…
A double-shell design approach for multiobjective optimal design of microgrids
2010
This work develops a new double shell approach to optimal design for multi-objective optimally managed systems. The cost of each design solution can be defined by the evaluation of operational issues and capital costs. In most systems, the correct definition of operational issues can be deduced by means of the solution of a multi-objective optimization problem. The evaluation of each design solution must thus be deduced using the outcome of a multi-objective optimization run, namely a Pareto hyper-surface in the n-dimensional space of operational objectives. In the literature, the design problem is usually solved by considering a single objective formulation of the operational issue. In thi…
Connections of reference vectors and different types of preference information in interactive multiobjective evolutionary algorithms
2016
We study how different types of preference information coming from a human decision maker can be utilized in an interactive multiobjective evolutionary optimization algorithm (MOEA). The idea is to convert different types of preference information into a unified format which can then be utilized in an interactive MOEA to guide the search towards the most preferred solution(s). The format chosen here is a set of reference vectors which is used within the interactive version of the reference vector guided evolutionary algorithm (RVEA). The proposed interactive RVEA is then applied to the multiple-disk clutch brake design problem with five objectives to demonstrate the potential of the idea in…