Search results for "evoluutio"

Extending the hosts of Tectiviridae into four additional genera of Gram-positive bacteria and more diverse Bacillus species

2017

Abstract Tectiviridae are composed of tailless bacteriophages with an icosahedral capsid and an inner membrane enclosing a double-stranded 15 kb linear DNA genome. Five of the seven previously studied Tectivirus isolates infect bacteria from Bacillus cereus sensu lato group (Betatectivirus), one distantly related member (PRD1) infect Enterobactericeae (Alpatectivirus) and one recently discovered virus infect Gluconobacter cerinus (Gammatectivirus). Here we expand the host spectrum of Betatectivirus elements to four additional genera (Streptococcus, Exiguobacterium, Clostridium and Brevibacillus) and to more distantly related Bacillus species (B. pumilus and B. flexus) by studying the genome…

A New Paradigm in Interactive Evolutionary Multiobjective Optimization

2020

Over the years, scalarization functions have been used to solve multiobjective optimization problems by converting them to one or more single objective optimization problem(s). This study proposes a novel idea of solving multiobjective optimization problems in an interactive manner by using multiple scalarization functions to map vectors in the objective space to a new, so-called preference incorporated space (PIS). In this way, the original problem is converted into a new multiobjective optimization problem with typically fewer objectives in the PIS. This mapping enables a modular incorporation of decision maker’s preferences to convert any evolutionary algorithm to an interactive one, whe…

The emergence and adaptive use of prestige in an online social learning task

2020

AbstractPrestige-biased social learning occurs when individuals preferentially learn from others who are highly respected, admired, copied, or attended to in their group. This form of social learning is argued to reflect novel forms of social hierarchy in human societies, and, by providing an efficient short-cut to acquiring adaptive information, underpin the cumulative cultural evolution that has contributed to our species’ ecological success. Despite these potentially important consequences, little empirical work to date has tested the basic predictions of prestige-biased social learning. Here we provide evidence supporting the key predictions that prestige-biased social learning is used …

Much more than a clasp : evolutionary patterns of amplexus diversity in anurans

2020

The evolution and diversification of animal reproductive modes have been pivotal questions in behavioural ecology. Amphibians present the highest diversity of reproductive modes among vertebrates, involving various behavioural, physiological and morphological traits. One such feature is the amplexus, which is the clasp or embrace of males on females during reproduction and is found almost universally in anurans. Hypotheses about the origin of amplexus are limited and have not been tested thoroughly, nor have they taken into account evolutionary relationships in most comparative studies. However, these considerations are crucial to an understanding of the evolution of reproductive modes. Her…

Developments in Amphibian Parental Care Research : History, Present Advances, and Future Perspectives

2020

Despite rising interest among scientists for over two centuries, parental care behavior has not been as thoroughly studied in amphibians as it has in other taxa. The first reports of amphibian parental care date from the early 18th century, when Maria Sibylla Merian went on a field expedition in Suriname and reported frog metamorphs emerging from their mother's dorsal skin. Reports of this and other parental behaviors in amphibians remained descriptive for decades, often as side notes during expeditions with another purpose. However, since the 1980s, experimental approaches have proliferated, providing detailed knowledge about the adaptive value of observed behaviors. Today, we recognize mo…

Evolutionary Algorithms and Metaheuristics : Applications in Engineering Design and Optimization

2018

Effects of gender inequality and wealth inequality on within-sex mating competition under hypergyny

2022

Resources are often central to the formation and persistence of human consortships, and to the evolutionary fitness consequences of those consortships. As a result, the distribution of resources within a society should influence the number and quality of mating opportunities an individual of given status/wealth experiences. In particular, in a wide variety of societies, both contemporary and historic, women have been shown to prefer mates of higher rather than lower status and wealth, a pattern known as ‘hypergyny’. Such status-dependent within-sex competition is influenced not only by the preferences individuals express but also by the distribution of resources within and between sexes. Em…

Impact of chaotic dynamics on the performance of metaheuristic optimization algorithms : An experimental analysis

2022

Random mechanisms including mutations are an internal part of evolutionary algorithms, which are based on the fundamental ideas of Darwin's theory of evolution as well as Mendel's theory of genetic heritage. In this paper, we debate whether pseudo-random processes are needed for evolutionary algorithms or whether deterministic chaos, which is not a random process, can be suitably used instead. Specifically, we compare the performance of 10 evolutionary algorithms driven by chaotic dynamics and pseudo-random number generators using chaotic processes as a comparative study. In this study, the logistic equation is employed for generating periodical sequences of different lengths, which are use…

Interview: Kalyanmoy Deb Talks about Formation, Development and Challenges of the EMO Community, Important Positions in His Career, and Issues Faced …

2023

Kalyanmoy Deb was born in Udaipur, Tripura, the smallest state of India at the time, in 1963 [...]

An ecologist’s guide for studying DNA methylation variation in wild vertebrates

2022

The field of molecular biology is advancing fast with new powerful technologies, sequencing methods and analysis software being developed constantly. Commonly used tools originally developed for research on humans and model species are now regularly used in ecological and evolutionary research. There is also a growing interest in the causes and consequences of epigenetic variation in natural populations. Studying ecological epigenetics is currently challenging, especially for vertebrate systems, because of the required technical expertise, complications with analyses and interpretation, and limitations in acquiring sufficiently high sample sizes. Importantly, neglecting the limitations of t…