Search results for "example"
showing 10 items of 114 documents
Lying and falsely implicating
2005
Abstract This paper analyses falsely implicating from the point of view of Gricean theory of implicature, focusing on the Story of the Mate and the Captain which is a classical example of lying while saying the truth. It is argued that the case of falsely implicating should be included within a general definition of lying. Whether Particularised Conversational Implicatures (PCI), as in the Story of the Mate and the Captain, and Generalised Conversational Implicatures (GCI) behave differently with regard to falsely implicating is discussed with reference to Levinson's theory of presumptive meaning [Levinson, Stephen C., 2000. Presumptive Meanings. The Theory of Generalised Conversational Imp…
Why Translation Is Difficult
2017
The paper develops a definition of translation literality that is based on the syntactic and semantic similarity of the source and the target texts. We provide theoretical and empirical evidence that absolute literal translations are easy to produce. Based on a multilingual corpus of alternative translations we investigate the effects of cross-lingual syntactic and semantic distance on translation production times and find that non-literality makes from-scratch translation and post-editing difficult. We show that statistical machine translation systems encounter even more difficulties with non-literality.
Pisteis in Comparison: Examples and Enthymemes in the Rhetoric to Alexander and in Aristotle's Rhetoric
2011
Today it is generally accepted that the main differences between the "Rhetoric to Alexander" and Aristotle’s "Rhetoric" depend on the different aims of each work’s author: essentially practical in the first case, theoretical in the second one. The difference is clearly visible in the classification of pisteis (proofs). Our basic assumption is that this difference depends on the two majors elements of novelty in Aristotle's Rhetoric: 1. the introduction in the rhetorical field of the logico-dialectical apparatus (above all, the concept of syllogismos); 2. the consideration of ethos and pathos as entechnoi pisteis. In order to specify this general consideration, the paper focuses on enthymema…
Dynamic Coalitional TU Games: Distributed Bargaining among Players' Neighbors
2013
We consider a sequence of transferable utility (TU) games where, at each time, the characteristic function is a random vector with realizations restricted to some set of values. The game differs from other ones in the literature on dynamic, stochastic or interval valued TU games as it combines dynamics of the game with an allocation protocol for the players that dynamically interact with each other. The protocol is an iterative and decentralized algorithm that offers a paradigmatic mathematical description of negotiation and bargaining processes. The first part of the paper contributes to the definition of a robust (coalitional) TU game and the development of a distributed bargaining protoc…
Qualitative Theory of Differential Equations, Difference Equations, and Dynamic Equations on Time Scales
2016
We are pleased to present this special issue. This volume reflects an increasing interest in the analysis of qualitative behavior of solutions to differential equations, difference equations, and dynamic equations on time scales. Numerous applications arising in the engineering and natural sciences call for the development of new efficient methods and for the modification and refinement of known techniques that should be adjusted for the analysis of new classes of problems. The twofold goal of this special issue is to reflect both the state-of-the-art theoretical research and important recent advances in the solution of applied problems.
Isometries of nilpotent metric groups
2016
We consider Lie groups equipped with arbitrary distances. We only assume that the distance is left-invariant and induces the manifold topology. For brevity, we call such object metric Lie groups. Apart from Riemannian Lie groups, distinguished examples are sub-Riemannian Lie groups and, in particular, Carnot groups equipped with Carnot-Carath\'eodory distances. We study the regularity of isometries, i.e., distance-preserving homeomorphisms. Our first result is the analyticity of such maps between metric Lie groups. The second result is that if two metric Lie groups are connected and nilpotent then every isometry between the groups is the composition of a left translation and an isomorphism.…
A reflection approach to the broken ray transform
2013
We reduce the broken ray transform on some Riemannian manifolds (with corners) to the geodesic ray transform on another manifold, which is obtained from the original one by reflection. We give examples of this idea and present injectivity results for the broken ray transform using corresponding earlier results for the geodesic ray transform. Examples of manifolds where the broken ray transform is injective include Euclidean cones and parts of the spheres $S^n$. In addition, we introduce the periodic broken ray transform and use the reflection argument to produce examples of manifolds where it is injective. We also give counterexamples to both periodic and nonperiodic cases. The broken ray t…
DEVELOPING AN INTEGRATED FRAMEWORK FOR ANALYZING WAYS OF REASONING IN MATHEMATICS
2022
Mathematics education literature involves studies that sought a way of investigating the mode of reasoning in mathematics textbooks because textbooks are the main resource for teachers in planning their mathematics lessons. In this vein, this study aimed to analyze the ways of reasoning in mathematics textbooks that are currently used in five countries: Slovakia, Czech Republic, Italy, Norway, and Turkiye, as a part of a Horizon 2020 Project. We initially started with a framework that aimed to examine the effect of teachers’ participation in the lesson study on the improvement of students’ mathematical reasoning (Project LESSAM). However, as the textbook analysis of different countries proc…
Regularity of solutions to differential equations with non-Lipschitz coefficients
2008
AbstractWe study the ordinary and stochastic differential equations whose coefficients satisfy certain non-Lipschitz conditions, namely, we study the behaviors of small subsets under the flows generated by these equations.
On minima of discrimination functions
2008
Abstract A discrimination function ψ ( x , y ) assigns a measure of discriminability to stimulus pairs x , y (e.g., the probability with which they are judged to be different in a same-different judgment scheme). If for every x there is a single y least discriminable from x , then this y is called the point of subjective equality (PSE) for x , and the dependence h ( x ) of the PSE for x on x is called a PSE function. The PSE function g ( y ) is defined in a symmetrically opposite way. If the graphs of the two PSE functions coincide (i.e., g ≡ h − 1 ), the function is said to satisfy the Regular Minimality law. The minimum level functions are restrictions of ψ to the graphs of the PSE funct…