Search results for "example"

showing 10 items of 114 documents

Smart cities: Case studies

2016

Il capitolo mostra alcuni esempi di smart cities. Nel capitolo i casi di studio sono divisi in aree geografiche, che a livello macroscopico si riferiscono a diversi tipi di città e comunità in relazione a diversi livelli di innovazione tecnologica e tipo di capitale umano, che sono fattori chiave per raggiungere uno sviluppo smart. Le città di nuova costruzione sono città appartenenti all'area asiatica pianificate da zero per limitare emissioni nocive ed alzare la qualità della vita dei cittadini. Nel paragrafo sulle città del Nord Europa e quelle del Mediterraneo sono descritte città che possiedono alte caratteristiche storiche. Talvolta queste hanno poche possibilità - per le loro caratte…

Middle Eastbusiness.industryUrban village (China)media_common.quotation_subject0211 other engineering and technologies021107 urban & regional planning02 engineering and technology010501 environmental sciencesSettore ICAR/21 - Urbanistica01 natural sciencesHuman capitalWorld communityCittà intelligenti Europa e Asiaesempi e differenzeSpecial economic zoneGeographyWhite paperSmart cityPublic transportSmart cities European and Asian cities examplesRegional sciencebusiness0105 earth and related environmental sciencesmedia_common
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Abnormal escape rates from nonuniformly hyperbolic sets

1999

Consider a $C^{1+\epsilon}$ diffeomorphism $f$ having a uniformly hyperbolic compact invariant set $\Omega$, maximal invariant in some small neighbourhood of itself. The asymptotic exponential rate of escape from any small enough neighbourhood of $\Omega$ is given by the topological pressure of $-\log |J^u f|$ on $\Omega$ (Bowen–Ruelle in 1975). It has been conjectured (Eckmann–Ruelle in 1985) that this property, formulated in terms of escape from the support $\Omega$ of a (generalized Sinai–Ruelle–Bowen (SRB)) measure, using its entropy and positive Lyapunov exponents, holds more generally. We present a simple $C^\infty$ two-dimensional counterexample, constructed by a surgery using a Bowe…

Nonlinear Sciences::Chaotic DynamicsPure mathematicsMathematics::Dynamical SystemsApplied MathematicsGeneral MathematicsAttractorSaddleMathematicsCounterexampleErgodic Theory and Dynamical Systems
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Oscillation results for second-order nonlinear neutral differential equations

2013

Published version of an article in the journal: Advances in Difference Equations. Also available from the publisher at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1687-1847-2013-336 Open Access We obtain several oscillation criteria for a class of second-order nonlinear neutral differential equations. New theorems extend a number of related results reported in the literature and can be used in cases where known theorems fail to apply. Two illustrative examples are provided.

Oscillation theoryAlgebra and Number TheoryDifferential equationApplied MathematicsMathematical analysisVDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Matematikk: 410Integrating factorStochastic partial differential equationExamples of differential equationsNonlinear systemDifferential algebraic equationAnalysisMathematicsNumerical partial differential equationsAdvances in Difference Equations
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The forgotten mathematical legacy of Peano

2019

International audience; The formulations that Peano gave to many mathematical notions at the end of the 19th century were so perfect and modern that they have become standard today. A formal language of logic that he created, enabled him to perceive mathematics with great precision and depth. He described mathematics axiomatically basing the reasoning exclusively on logical and set-theoretical primitive terms and properties, which was revolutionary at that time. Yet, numerous Peano’s contributions remain either unremembered or underestimated.

PeanoPeano's axioms of arithmeticPeano's counterexamplesWeierstrass maximum theoremabstract measuresGeneral MathematicsClosure (topology)tangencyinterioranti-distributive familiesfoundationdefinitions by abstractionlinear differential equationsaxiom of choiceLogical conjunctionPeano axiomsproofFormal languageAxiom of choiceMSC: Primary 01A55 01A6003-03 26-03 28-03 34-03 54-03; Secondary15A75 26A03 26A2426B25 26B05 28A1228A15 28A75.affine exterior algebra[MATH]Mathematics [math]reduction formulaeMathematicsnonlinear differential equationsoptimality conditionsdifferentiation of measuressweeping-tangent theoremPeano's axioms of geometryPeano's filling curvereduction of mathematics to setssurface areaclosuremean value theoremDirichlet functionNonlinear differential equationssubtangentsEpistemologymeasure theoryplanar measurelower and upper limits of setsdistributive familiescompactnessmathematical definitions1886 existence theoremdifferentiabilityDissertationes Mathematicae
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K-Translate - Interactive Multi-system Machine Translation

2016

The tool described in this article has been designed to help machine translation (MT) researchers to combine and evaluate various MT engine outputs through a web-based graphical user interface using syntactic analysis and language modelling. The tool supports user provided translations as well as translations from popular online MT system application program interfaces (APIs). The selection of the best translation hypothesis is done by calculating the perplexity for each hypothesis. The evaluation panel provides sentence tree graphs and chunk statistics. The result is a syntax-based multi-system translation tool that shows an improvement of BLEU scores compared to the best individual baseli…

PerplexityParsingMachine translationComputer sciencebusiness.industryHybrid machine translationTransfer-based machine translationcomputer.software_genreExample-based machine translationComputer-assisted translationArtificial intelligenceComputational linguisticsbusinesscomputerNatural language processing
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WHEN DEDUCTION LEADS TO BELIEF

1995

The paper questions the common assumption that rational individuals believe all propositions which they know to be logical consequences of their other beliefs: although we must acknowledge the truth of a proposition which is a deductive consequence of our beliefs, we may not genuinely believe it. This conclusion is defended by arguing that some familiar counterexamples to the claim that knowledge is justified true belief fail because they involve propositions which are not really believed. Beliefs guide conduct or issue in assertion by answering questions which arise in the course of deliberation and conversation, but the troublesome cases present propositions which do not present the agent…

PhilosophyTheoryofComputation_MATHEMATICALLOGICANDFORMALLANGUAGESmedia_common.quotation_subjectAssertionConversationPropositionRationalityPsychologyDeliberationLogical consequenceCounterexamplemedia_commonEpistemologyRatio
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COMPUTER SIMULATION OF PROFILES OF INTERFACES BETWEEN COEXISTING PHASES: DO WE UNDERSTAND THEIR FINITE SIZE EFFECTS?

2000

Interfaces between coexisting phases are very common in condensed matter physics, and thus many simulations attempt to characterize their properties, in particular, the interfacial tension and the interfacial profile. However, while theory usually deals with the "intrinsic profile", the latter is not a straightforward output of a simulation: The actual profile (observed in simulations and/or experiments!) is broadened by lateral fluctuations. Therefore, in the usual simulation geometry of L × L × L (in three dimensions), where one chooses suitable boundary conditions to stabilize one or two interfaces of (minimal) area L × L, the profile (and in particular the interfacial width) depends on…

PhysicsCapillary waveMonte Carlo methodGeneral Physics and AstronomyBinary numberStatistical and Nonlinear PhysicsComputer Science ApplicationsSurface tensionRange (mathematics)Computational Theory and MathematicsPerpendicularBoundary value problemStatistical physicsMathematical PhysicsCounterexampleInternational Journal of Modern Physics C
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A holographic approach to low-energy weak interactions of hadrons

2011

We apply the double-trace formalism to incorporate nonleptonic weak interactions of hadrons into holographic models of the strong interactions. We focus our attention upon $\Delta S=1$ nonleptonic kaon decays. By working with a Yang-Mills--Chern-Simons 5-dimensional action, we explicitly show how, at low energies, one recovers the $\Delta S=1$ weak chiral Lagrangian for both the anomalous and nonanomalous sectors. We provide definite predictions for the low energy coefficients in terms of the AdS metric and argue that the double-trace formalism is a 5-dimensional avatar of the Weak Deformation Model introduced long ago by Ecker et al. As a significant phenomenological application, we reasse…

PhysicsNuclear and High Energy PhysicsParticle physicsMesonmesoniinterazioni deboliHolographyFOS: Physical scienceslaw.inventionmodelli olograficisymbols.namesakeAdS/CFT correspondenceTheoretical physicsHigh Energy Physics - PhenomenologyLow energyHigh Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)FactorizationlawsymbolsEffective actionLagrangianCounterexample
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Supersymmetry does not imply mass degeneracy

2004

Abstract It is commonly believed that unbroken supersymmetry (SUSY) implies that all members of a supermultiplet have the same mass. We demonstrate that this is not true, by exhibiting a simple counterexample. We employ the formalism of homeotic fermions, in a simple model where CPT conjugate fermions have different masses. This model can be supersymmetrized to a hypermultiplet of fields which form a representation of the conventional N=2 SUSY algebra. Nevertheless, CPT conjugate states in this hypermultiplet have different masses. These surprising results do not violate either the CPT theorem or the Haag–Lopuszanski–Sohnius theorem.

PhysicsParticle physicsNuclear and High Energy PhysicsCPT symmetryHypermultipletHigh Energy Physics::PhenomenologyFísicaSupersymmetryFermionTheoretical physicsFormalism (philosophy of mathematics)High Energy Physics::TheorySupermultipletHigh Energy Physics::ExperimentCounterexampleSupersymmetry algebraPhysics Letters B
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Solution of the Lindblad equation in Kraus representation

2006

The so-called Lindblad equation, a typical master equation describing the dissipative quantum dynamics, is shown to be solvable for finite-level systems in a compact form without resort to writing it down as a set of equations among matrix elements. The solution is then naturally given in an operator form, known as the Kraus representation. Following a few simple examples, the general applicability of the method is clarified.

PhysicsQuantum PhysicsSettore FIS/02 - Fisica Teorica Modelli E Metodi MatematiciLindblad equationFOS: Physical sciencesAtomic and Molecular Physics and OpticsSettore FIS/03 - Fisica Della MateriaThe so-called Lindblad equation a typical master equation describing the dissipative quantum dynamics is shown to be solvable for finite-level systems in a compact form without resort to writing it down as a set of equations among matrix elements. The solution is then naturally given in an operator form known as the Kraus representation. Following a few simple examples the general applicability of the method is clarified.Open quantum systemQuantum processMaster equationDissipative systemQuantum operationMethod of quantum characteristicsQuantum Physics (quant-ph)Quantum statistical mechanicsMathematical physics
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