Search results for "excitability"

WNK3 Maintains the GABAergic Inhibitory Tone, Synaptic Excitation and Neuronal Excitability via Regulation of KCC2 Cotransporter in Mature Neurons

2021

The activation of chloride (Cl-)permeable gamma (γ)-aminobutyric acid type A(GABAA) receptors induces synaptic inhibition in mature and excitation in immature neurons. This developmental "switch" in GABA function controlled by its polarity depends on the postnatal decrease in intraneuronal Cl- concentration mediated by KCC2, a member of cation-chloride cotransporters (CCCs). The serine-threonine kinase WNK3 (With No Lysine [K]), is a potent regulator of all CCCs and is expressed in neurons. Here, we characterized the functions of WNK3 and its role in GABAergic signaling in cultured embryonic day 18 (E18) hippocampal neurons. We observed a decrease in WNK3 expression as neurons mature. Knock…

Role of motor cortex during drop jump: motor cortical excitability assessed with TMS and H-reflex stimulation

2005

Altered processing of sensory stimuli in patients with migraine.

2014

Migraine is a cyclic disorder, in which functional and morphological brain changes fluctuate over time, culminating periodically in an attack. In the migrainous brain, temporal processing of external stimuli and sequential recruitment of neuronal networks are often dysfunctional. These changes reflect complex CNS dysfunction patterns. Assessment of multimodal evoked potentials and nociceptive reflex responses can reveal altered patterns of the brain's electrophysiological activity, thereby aiding our understanding of the pathophysiology of migraine. In this Review, we summarize the most important findings on temporal processing of evoked and reflex responses in migraine. Considering these d…

Brain stimulation in migraine

2013

Migraine is a very prevalent disease with great individual disability and socioeconomic burden. Despite intensive research effort in recent years, the etiopathogenesis of the disease remains to be elucidated. Recently, much importance has been given to mechanisms underlying the cortical excitability that has been suggested to be dysfunctional in migraine. In recent years, noninvasive brain stimulation techniques based on magnetic fields (transcranial magnetic stimulation, TMS) and on direct electrical currents (transcranial direct current stimulation, tDCS) have been shown to be safe and effective tools to explore the issue of cortical excitability, activation, and plasticity in migraine. M…

Reward and punishment: investigating cortico-bulbar excitability to disclose the value of goods

2013

A continuing challenge for neuroscientists is to develop new conceptual tools and methodologies for understanding, predicting and modelling the influences of rewarding/punishing outcomes on human behaviour and decision making. Reinforcement shapes behaviours from the most primitive (fight/flight, ingest/regurgitate, approach/avoid) to complex (buy/sell). Understanding the neural processes underlying reinforcement is critical for understanding economic and social decision-making. Moreover, comprehension of deranged processing and responses to reinforcing stimuli is crucial across a range of psychology fields and society as a whole, including psychiatric and neurological illness, eating disor…

Abnormal peripheral and central visual processing in migraine

2018

Sound induced flash illusion (SIFI) is an illusory cross modal (audio-visual) phenomenon critically dependent upon excitability of visual cortex. A recent study with SIFI confirmed hyperexcitability of visual cortex in migraine; patients with migraine show abnormality of chromatic perception. Here we explored the relationship between peripheral chromatic and central visual dysfunction in patients with migraine

Neural contribution to postactivation potentiation

2015

The current study was designed to investigate the contribution of neural factors to postactivation potentiation (PAP). Neuromuscular function (i.e. twitches, H-reflexes, motor evoked potentials, and voluntary isometric ballistic contractions) of 8 power-trained (POW) and 8 endurance-trained (END) athletes was recorded before and after a 8-second maximal isometric conditioning contraction (CC) to induce PAP, to elucidate discriminating neural factors in exploiting PAP that might arise from the former training background compared to the latter. After CC, twitch peak force and rate of force development were significantly increased, with higher potentiation in POW (29 ± 11% and 64 ± 24%) than E…

Cortical excitability in episodic cluster headache

2014

Background: Cluster headache (CH) is a severe primary headache disorder, whose pathophysiological processes remain largely unknown. Along with central disinhibition of the trigeminal nociceptive system and hypothalamic impairment, a cortical involvement has been supposed. Aim: To evaluate cortical excitability in episodic CH patients by using different paradigms of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Methods: Twenty-five patients with episodic CH and thirteen healthy subjects underwent an experimental session where we evaluated, in both hemispheres, motor-cortical response to: 1) single-pulse TMS: i.e. motor threshold (MT); input-output (IO) curves and cortical silent period (CSP) and …

Cortical excitability in episodic cluster headache. Neurol Sci

2014

Ensayo clínico multicéntrico, aleatorizado y enmascarado con topiramato versus placebo para el tratamiento de recién nacidos con encefalopatía hipóxi…

2021

Antecedentes: La encefalopatía hipóxico-isquémica (EHI) perinatal constituye una de de las principales causas de muerte o discapacidad a largo plazo en recién nacidos a término en el mundo occidental, afectando a aproximadamente 1-4 por cada 1000 nacidos vivos y, en consecuencia, a alrededor de 5000-20000 recién nacidos por año en Europa. La hipotermia terapéutica se ha convertido en el tratamiento estándar de la EHI moderada o grave, siendo una terapia segura y eficaz para mejorar el desarrollo neurológico tras un insulto hipóxico-isquémico perinatal. A pesar de la hipotermia y las mejoras en los cuidados intensivos neonatales, el 45-50% de los recién nacidos con EHI moderada o grave muere…