Search results for "exclusion"
showing 10 items of 471 documents
Evaluation of a public policy for combating exclusions : the case of an "insertion" class in the final year of junior secondary school
2005
Since 1975, the expression "single college" is regularly evoked to describe the first cycle of secondary education in France. However, since 1992, classes named "third of insertion", neither dedicated to general education, nor assimilable to those with adapted teaching have been functioning for mailing pupils. At the cross-roads of political, historical, economic and social problems, this study tries to articulate each one of these fields, with the student body, placed at the centre of these questions, being both from an underprivileged social category and having experienced school failure. The analysis which follows demands simultaneously research on the concept of "insertion", the name of…
Adaptive preferences: a remaining obstacle for basic income
2019
Resumen La renta básica proporciona a la ciudadanía una autonomía económica que se traduce en una libertad real para conducir sus vidas. Sin embargo, en este artículo defiendo que la renta básica no sería efectiva en situaciones de pobreza donde se generan preferencias adaptativas en las personas. Para mostrarlo analizaré las bases psicológicas del comportamiento de personas con preferencias adaptativas. A continuación, abordaré qué estrategias son las indicadas para revertir la situación de preferencias adaptativas. Implementar estas políticas permitirá que la renta básica pueda empoderar también a los más pobres. Abstract Basic income provides citizenship an economic autonomy which is tra…
De l’aliénation et l’exclusion vers la fusion avec la communauté dans les écrits durassiens
2017
The work of Marguerite Duras shows the author’s predilection for depicting alienated outcasts living on the fringes of society. Her heroines reject consumerism and traditional values – material security, employment, and the established order. Exclusion also applies to the characters who – forced into exile – feel downgraded and deprived of identity. Their marginalization is a conscious choice, a form of defence, and a chance of survival. Awareness of exclusion entails different – often ambivalent – attitudes. It leads to defiance, sometimes self-destruction, often frustration, despair, and – paradoxically – the need for human contact. This ‘emergency’ return to the world helps to overcome p…
Cardiovascular Health in Migrants. Current status and issues for prevention. A Collaborative Multidisciplinary Task Force Report
2014
OBJECTIVES: To review information on cardiovascular health and migration, to stress the attention of researchers that much needs to be done in the collection of sound data in Italy and to allow policy makers identifying this issue as an important public health concern. BACKGROUND: In Italy, the rate of immigrants in the total number of residents increased from 2.5% in 1990 to 7.4% in 2010, and currently exceeds 10% in regions such as Lombardia, Emilia Romagna and Toscana. METHODS: A consensus statement was developed by approaching relevant Italian national scientific societies involved in cardiovascular prevention. Task force members were identified by the president and/or the boards of eac…
Transfer to Polymer and Long-Chain Branching in PLP-SEC of Acrylates
2009
Pulsed laser polymerization (PLP) combined with size exclusion chromatography (SEC) is the method of choice for determining propagation rate coefficients. The influence of the long-chain branching in PLP-SEC is investigated using multiple-detection SEC and a recently developed method to detect long-chain branching [P. Castignolles, R. Grab, M. Parkinson, M. Wilhelm, M. Gaborieau, Polymer 2009, 50, 2373.] While little or no long-chain branching is detected in poly(n-butyl acrylate), the error in relevant molecular weights of poly(2-ethylhexyl acrylate) is large (30-100%) due to long-chain branching. Possible variations of propagation rate coefficient with alkyl groups in alkyl acrylates or w…
Solution properties of polyelectrolytes
1993
Abstract Aqueous size-exclusion chromatography was used to analyse the elution behaviour of several standard ionic polymers, including poly( l -glutamic acid), sodium poly(styrene sulphonate) and poly(acrylic acid), different in nature and chain flexibility, as a function of the pH and ionic strength of the eluent. Two organic-based hydrophilic packings, Spherogel TSK PW4000 and Ultrahydrogel 250, were tested in order to select the optimal conditions of macromolecular separation, and the results obtained for each column were compared. A set of calibration graphs for the above polyions as a function of eluent pH and ionic strength were obtained and compared with those obtained for uncharged …
Radioactive labeling of defined HPMA-based polymeric structures using [18F]FETos for in vivo imaging by positron emission tomography.
2009
During the last decades polymer-based nanomedicine has turned out to be a promising tool in modern pharmaceutics. The following article describes the synthesis of well-defined random and block copolymers by RAFT polymerization with potential medical application. The polymers have been labeled with the positron-emitting nuclide fluorine-18. The polymeric structures are based on the biocompatible N-(2-hydroxypropyl)-methacrylamide (HPMA). To achieve these structures, functional reactive ester polymers with a molecular weight within the range of 25,000-110,000 g/mol were aminolyzed by 2-hydroxypropylamine and tyramine (3%) to form (18)F-labelable HPMA-polymer precursors. The labeling procedure…
Redox-Responsive Block Copolymers: Poly(vinylferrocene)-b-poly(lactide) Diblock and Miktoarm Star Polymers and Their Behavior in Solution
2013
The synthesis of diblock and miktoarm star polymers containing poly(vinylferrocene) (PVFc) and poly(l-lactide) (PLA) blocks is introduced. End functionalization of PVFc was carried out via end capping of living carbanionic PVFc chains with benzyl glycidyl ether (BGE). By hydrogenolysis of the benzyl protecting group a dihydroxyl end-functionalized PVFc was obtained. Both monohydroxyl- and dihydroxyl-functionalized PVFcs have been utilized as macroinitiators for the subsequent polymerization of l-lactide via catalytic ring-opening polymerization. A series of block copolymers and AB2 miktoarm star polymers was synthesized with varied PLA chain lengths. All polymers were characterized in detai…
Solution properties of polyelectrolytes
1991
Abstract Chromatographic data for sodium polystyrene sulphonate were obtained on both silica- and polymer-based size-exclusion supports using mobile phases of various pH and ionic strength. Deviations of the elution volume were observed towards both lower and higher values relative to the reference calibration graph obtained with uncharged standards. An empirical correlation is proposed in order to account for all the secondary effects observed. The general applicability of this correlation was further tested for chromatographic data obtained for a series of peptides and proteins on a silica-based support under very different eluent conditions. Deviations from ideal elution behaviour such a…
Size‐Exclusion Chromatography in Single and Mixed Eluents: Effects of Sorption of Solvent and Polymer Solutes on Novel TSK‐Gel Super AW Columns
2005
Abstract The novel TSK Gel Super AW column packing is based on a polymeric gel with residual hydrophobic and hydrophilic groups on the gel surface. These groups can act as active sites making the chromatographic support compatible both with polar and apolar eluents. This interesting property allows the elution of systems of very different polarities but also induces binary polymer–gel, polymer–solvent, and solvent–gel enthalpic interactions that lead to a mixture of separation mechanisms: repulsion, partition, or adsorption besides the main size‐exclusion chromatography (SEC) mechanism. For this reason, the elution behaviour of many and diverse polymer/solvent systems has been studied in th…