Search results for "excretion"
showing 10 items of 145 documents
Risk assessment of Bundeswehr (German Federal Armed Forces) permethrin-impregnated battle dress uniforms (BDU).
2007
In an age when vector-borne diseases are emerging worldwide, personal protective measures are essential for shielding soldiers and other exposed persons from arthropod attack. The development of permethrin-impregnated clothing has been one recent advance in protecting persons at-risk. However, to date risk assessment has not been performed related to wearing permethrin-impregnated clothing over longer time periods. Therefore, this paper describes relevant toxicological aspects of permethrin and estimates the extent of dermal permethrin uptake by soldiers wearing impregnated uniforms by determining urine metabolites of permethrin. The exposure monitoring conducted in wearers of untreated uni…
Lysine triggers apoptosis through a NADPH oxidase-dependent mechanism in human renal tubular cells
2012
Progressive chronic kidney disease (CKD) is common in lysinuric protein intolerance (LPI), a primary inherited aminoaciduria characterized by massive Lysine excretion in urine. However, by which mechanisms Lysine may cause kidney damage to tubule cells is still not understood. This study determined whether Lysine overloading of human proximal tubular cells (HK-2) in culture enhances apoptotic cell loss and its associated mechanisms. Overloading HK-2 with Lysine levels reproducing those observed in urine of patients affected by LPI (10 mM) increased apoptosis (+30%; p < 0.01 vs.C), as well as Bax and Apaf-1 expressions (+30-50% p < 0.05), while downregulated Bcl-2 (-40% p < 0.05). Apoptosis …
Monitoring and use of antimycotic (micafungin) for systemic use provided by the pharmacy of Marsala Hospital, Italy
2016
Micafungin is an antimycotic drug and represents an important addition to the available therapies for the treatment of systemic fungal infections. Micafungin is used: in the treatment of invasive candidiasis, oesophageal and prophylaxis of <em>Candida</em> infections. It inhibits, in a non-competitive way, the synthesis of 1,3-β-D-glucan, a component of fungal cell wall and is rapidly distributed into the tissues. It has a high-rate respectful bond with plasma protein, which is independent from the concentration of the drug. It is metabolized through the liver, being not subject to intense metabolic transformations until the excretion. There is no evidence of systemic accumulati…
The metabolic status of internal intensive care patients as indicated by 3-methylhistidine excretion and nitrogen balance
1984
Abstract The metabolic status of 15 intensive care patients receiving a standardized total parenteral nutrition regimen was followed up to 15 days immediately after admission by measuring 3-methylhistidine, total nitrogen, and creatinine excretion. The average 3-methylhistidine excretion was within the normal range during the first 3 days, rising on day 4 and reached a maximum of 70% above normal values on day 5. It declined to within normal range thereafter in most of the patients. Mean values for creatinine excretion remained relatively constant within the normal range throughout the study. During all days 3-methylhistidine was negatively correlated with N-balance. It is concluded that th…
Persistent skin ulcers, mutilations, and acro-osteolysis in hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy with phospholipid excretion
1989
We observed three children in a Turkish family who from early childhood had deformations of the feet and torpid ulcers with subfocal osteomyelitis and osteolysis, which subsequently led to amputations. The fingers showed ainhumlike constriction bands and spontaneous amputations. Neurologic studies revealed an almost complete sensory and autonomic loss affecting all modalities and a marked involvement of motor fibers. The clinical symptoms fulfill many of the hallmarks of hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type II, including autosomal recessive inheritance, onset of symptoms in childhood, and mutilating acropathy. A high urinary excretion of sphingomyelin and lecithin suggests that …
Temporary warm ischaemia, 5/6 nephrectomy and single uranylnitrate administration — comparison of three models intended to cause renal fibrosis in ra…
2001
In patients the progression of pathologic renal processes after the treatment of primary disease is a problem of increasing importance and therapeutic strategies are insufficient till now. The aim of this paper was to search for rat models of interstitial fibrosis as a basis for testing therapeutic strategies to prevent end-stage renal failure. Experiments were done on adult female Wistar rats (Han:Wist) to investigate long-term consequences of temporary warm ischaemia, 5/6 nephrectomy (5/6 NX) and single uranyl nitrate (UN) administration (0.3 or 0.5 mg/ 100 g body wt. intraperitoneally). Observation time was 20 weeks after injury in each group. Creatinine clearance, urinary protein excret…
Urinary Albumin Excretion
2005
During the past few years, a subtle increase in urinary albumin excretion (UAE) not detectable by routine methods, microalbuminuria, has become a prognostic marker for cardiovascular and/or renal risk in diabetic and nondiabetic subjects. Consequently, microalbuminuria assessment is now recommended in a risk stratification strategy not only in diabetic subjects but also for hypertension management. Microalbuminuria is defined as UAE from 30 to 300 mg/24 hours or equivalent amounts using timed overnight or spot urine samples (Table). The definition comes from studies that have established its value as a marker of risk for nephropathy in diabetic subjects. When the potential prognostic value …
Artrial Natriuretic Peptide Concentrations in Preeclampsia
1989
During pregnancy various humoral and functional mechanisms were recognized, that regulate the water and electrolyte household. In preeclampsia, increased water-sodium retention results from a variety of pathophysiological changes in the endocrinological system. There are also organ-specific changes, such as renal clearance reduction up to 30% in comparison to normal pregnancy. For many years, physiologists expected to find additional cardial mechanisms that influence homeostasis. In 1981, de Bold [3] identified ANP a new humoral factor that leads to increased water and sodium excretion. The influence of ANP in preeclampsia has been the subject of controversial discussion.
Sarcosinaemia in a retarded, amaurotic child.
1986
A 9-month-old Turkish girl demonstrated an abnormal qualitative amino acid excretion pattern suggestive of sarcosinaemia. She was blind and had evidence of developmental and motor retardation. No other physical abnormalities were noted. Quantitative amino acid analysis revealed elevated serum and urine sarcosine levels. An oral sarcosine loading test showed an exaggerated response with a delayed conversion to glycine. Sarcosine was undetected in other family members.
Elimination of hexamethylene diisocyanate cross-linked polypeptides in patients with normal or impaired renal function
1978
Infusions of 3.5% isocyanate cross-linked polypeptide solution 500 ml were given to 52 patients with normal or impaired renal function: glomerular filtration rate (GFR)=0–133 ml/min. The serum concentration and urinary excretion of hydroxyproline were measured and the equivalent polypeptide concentrations were calculated from the results. In patients with normal renal function (GFR>90 ml/min) the proportion of polypeptide excreted in the urine up to 12 h was 45.4±2.6% ( $$\bar X$$ ±SEM), up to 24 h 47.7±2.9% and up to 48 h 49.3±3.4%. In patients with moderate renal insufficiency (GFR=30–90 ml/min) there was no decrease in polypeptide excretion and even in patients with more serious impairme…