Search results for "executive"
showing 10 items of 410 documents
Funcionamiento ejecutivo y rendimiento matemático: un estudio longitudinal
2016
El objetivo del presente estudio longitudinal consistió en examinar el poder predictivo de las funciones ejecutivas de inhibición y memoria de trabajo (MT) evaluadas en Educación Infantil (T1) sobre los aspectos formales e informales del rendimiento matemático en 2º de Educación Primaria (T2). La muestra inicial estuvo conformada por 209 preescolares de 5 a 6 años, de los que un 86.12 % de los sujetos volvieron a ser evaluados en el T2 (7-8 años). En el T1, se administraron seis tareas neuropsicológicas relacionadas con las funciones ejecutivas de inhibición y MT verbal y visoespacial. En el T2, se aplicó la batería TEMA-3 (Gingsburg y Baroody, 2003) para evaluar diferentes aspectos relacio…
Contributions of Motivation, Early Numeracy Skills, and Executive Functioning to Mathematical Performance. A Longitudinal Study
2018
The main goal of this longitudinal study is to examine the power of different variables and its dynamic interactions in predicting mathematical performance. The model proposed in this study includes indicators of motivational constructs (learning motivation and attributions), executive functioning (inhibition and working memory), and early numeracy skills (logical operations, counting, and magnitude comparison abilities), assessed during kindergarten, and mathematical performance in the second year of Primary Education. The sample consisted of 180 subjects assessed in two moments (5–6 and 7–8 years old). The results showed an indirect effect of initial motivation on later mathematical perfo…
A Multidimensional View of Children’s School Readiness
2016
The present longitudinal study explores, on the one hand, the nature and strengths of the relation between cognitive and behavioral self-regulation, and, on the other hand, the impact of early social, cognitive, and self-regulatory skills on later school achievement and social school adjustment. Findings indicate that working memory is the most important predictor of academic achievement in the longitudinal perspective; individual differences in social school adjustment, in contrast, were mainly explained by earlier behavioral self-regulatory skills. Executive functions, however, may additionally help us to understand the developmental mechanisms responsible for the successes and failures o…
Cognitive impairment and levodopa induced dyskinesia in Parkinson’s disease: a longitudinal study from the PACOS cohort
2021
AbstractAim of the study was to evaluate possible associations between cognitive dysfunctions and development of Levodopa Induced Dyskinesia (LID). PD patients from the Parkinson’s disease Cognitive impairment Study cohort who underwent a baseline and follow-up neuropsychological evaluations were enrolled. Mild Cognitive Impairment (PD-MCI) was diagnosed according to MDS level II criteria. The following cognitive domains were evaluated: episodic memory, attention, executive function, visuo-spatial function and language. A domain was considered as impaired when the subject scored 2 standard deviation below normality cut-off values in at least one test for each domain. Levodopa equivalent dos…
Frequency and Correlates of Subjective Memory Complaints in Parkinson’s Disease with and without Mild Cognitive Impairment: Data from the Parkinson’s…
2018
Subjective memory complaints (SMC) may represent the preclinical phase of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) due to Alzheimer's disease. Dementia/MCI have been described with a high prevalence in Parkinson's disease (PD), but whether SMC may predict the development of cognitive impairment has been barely explored. To evaluate the frequency and clinical correlates of isolated SMC (PD-SMC) or within the construct of MCI in subjects with PD, 147 PD patients from the PArkinson's disease COgnitive impairment Study (PACOS) were consecutively recruited for the study. This is a multicenter study involving two Movement Disorder Centers in south Italy. All subjects underwent comprehensive neuropsycholog…
Association of Iron Status and Intake During Pregnancy with Neuropsychological Outcomes in Children Aged 7 Years: The Prospective Birth Cohort Infanc…
2019
Early iron status plays an important role in prenatal neurodevelopment. Iron deficiency and high iron status have been related to alterations in child cognitive development
The impact of sensory processing on executive and cognitive functions in children with autism spectrum disorder in the school context
2019
Abstract Background Theoretical approaches propose a hierarchical organization of sensory and higher-order cognitive processes, in which sensory processing influence some cognitive and executive functions. Aims The main objective of this study was to analyze whether sensory processing dysfunctions can predict the cognitive and executive dysfunctions evaluated in a group of children with level 2 autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in the school context. Methods and procedures Two groups of children participated: an ASD group (n = 40) and a group of children with typical development (the comparison group, n = 40). The children’s sensory processing was evaluated based on their teachers’ perceptions…
Cognitive and motor effects of Kinect‐based games training in people with and without Parkinson disease: A preliminary study
2019
Objective Purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of training with six commercial Xbox KinectTM games on cognitive and motor aspects in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients and to compare the effects with a group of paired healthy subjects. Methods This study was a quasi-experimental, controlled trial. Eight individuals with PD (mean age 68.9 ± 7.9) and eight older adults without PD, matched by age (mean age 67.6 ± 7.3) were enrolled in the study. Ten sessions of six Xbox 360 KinectTM commercial games were performed for 5 weeks. Subjects were evaluated before and 7 and 30 days after intervention. They were assessed using Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB),…
Subclinical levels of anxiety but not depression are associated with planning performance in a large population-based sample
2017
BackgroundMajor depression and anxiety disorders are known to negatively influence cognitive performance. Moreover, there is evidence for greater cognitive decline in older adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Except for clinical studies, complex executive planning functions and subclinical levels of anxiety have not been examined in a population-based sample with a broad age range.MethodsPlanning performance was assessed using the Tower of London task in a population-based sample of 4240 participants aged 40–80 years from the Gutenberg Health Study (GHS) and related to self-reported anxiety and depression by means of multiple linear regression analysis.ResultsHigher anxiety ratings we…
Sports, Executive Functions and Academic Performance: A Comparison between Martial Arts, Team Sports, and Sedentary Children
2021
It is well known that curricular physical activity benefits children’s executive functions and academic performance. Therefore, this study aimed to determine whether there is an influence of extracurricular sports on executive functions and academic performance. However, it is less known which specific types of the sport better enhance executive functions in children