Search results for "exercise"
showing 10 items of 3151 documents
Training session intensity affects plasma redox status in amateur rhythmic gymnasts
2016
Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine systemic responses of oxidant/antioxidant status following 2 training sessions of different intensity in amateur rhythmic gymnasts. Methods: Before the experimental training, 10 female gymnasts performed a gradually increased exercise test to assess maximal heart rate, maximal oxygen consumption, and anaerobic threshold. They executed 2 intermittent training sessions separated by 48 h of recovery (48 h-post R): the first was performed at low-moderate intensity (LMI) and the second at high intensity (HI). Blood samples were collected immediately pre- and post-training and 48 h-post R. Hydroperoxide level (OxL) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC)…
Complete Genome Sequence of a New Firmicutes Species Isolated from Anaerobic Biomass Hydrolysis
2017
ABSTRACT A new Firmicutes isolate, strain HV4-6-A5C, was obtained from the hydrolysis stage of a mesophilic and anaerobic two-stage lab-scale leach-bed system for biomethanation of fresh grass. It is assumed that the bacterial isolate contributes to plant biomass degradation. Here, we report a draft annotated genome sequence of this organism.
Physical Activity and Brain Health.
2019
Physical activity (PA) has been central in the life of our species for most of its history, and thus shaped our physiology during evolution. However, only recently the health consequences of a sedentary lifestyle, and of highly energetic diets, are becoming clear. It has been also acknowledged that lifestyle and diet can induce epigenetic modifications which modify chromatin structure and gene expression, thus causing even heritable metabolic outcomes. Many studies have shown that PA can reverse at least some of the unwanted effects of sedentary lifestyle, and can also contribute in delaying brain aging and degenerative pathologies such as Alzheimer’s Disease, diabetes, and multiple s…
Platelets, endothelial cells and leukocytes contribute to the exercise-triggered release of extracellular vesicles into the circulation.
2019
ABSTRACT Physical activity initiates a wide range of multi-systemic adaptations that promote mental and physical health. Recent work demonstrated that exercise triggers the release of extracellular vesicles (EVs) into the circulation, possibly contributing to exercise-associated adaptive systemic signalling. Circulating EVs comprise a heterogeneous collection of different EV-subclasses released from various cell types. So far, a comprehensive picture of the parental and target cell types, EV-subpopulation diversity and functional properties of EVs released during exercise (ExerVs) is lacking. Here, we performed a detailed EV-phenotyping analysis to explore the cellular origin and potential …
Aerobic catabolism and respiratory lactate bypass in Ndh-negative Zymomonas mobilis
2018
Ability to ferment in the presence of oxygen increases the robustness of bioprocesses and opens opportunity for novel industrial setups. The ethanologenic bacterium Zymomonas mobilis performs rapid and efficient anaerobic ethanol fermentation, yet its respiratory NADH dehydrogenase (Ndh)-deficient strain (ndh-) is known to produce ethanol with high yield also under oxic conditions. Compared to the wild type, it has a lower rate of oxygen consumption, and an increased expression of the respiratory lactate dehydrogenase (Ldh). Here we present a quantitative study of the product spectrum and carbon balance for aerobically growing ndh-. Ldh-deficient and Ldh-overexpressing ndh- strains were con…
The Beneficial Effect of Physical Exercise on Inflammatory Makers in Older Individuals.
2021
Old age is associated with a loss of motor functions and a general progressive decline in cognitive functions. Physical exercise is one of the ways in which inflammatory levels in general can be reduced, and therefore physical exercise can be considered a biological aging decelerator. In this article, we examine the relationships between physical exercise and inflammatory markers reported for the different physical exercise protocols that have been used in studies with older individuals, as well as the effects of these regimens. The different types of exercises programmed, and methods used to implement them were very heterogeneous in the articles we analysed. Both, the aerobic exercise and…
Voluntary Running Aids to Maintain High Body Temperature in Rats Bred for High Aerobic Capacity
2016
The production of heat, i.e., thermogenesis, is a significant component of the metabolic rate, which in turn affects weight gain and health. Thermogenesis is linked to physical activity (PA) level. However, it is not known whether intrinsic exercise capacity, aging, and long-term voluntary running affect core body temperature. Here we use rat models selectively bred to differ in maximal treadmill endurance running capacity (Low capacity runners, LCR and High capacity Runners, HCR), that as adults are divergent for aerobic exercise capacity, aging, and metabolic disease risk to study the connection between PA and body temperature. Ten high capacity runner (HCR) and ten low capacity runner (L…
Expression Pattern of Angiogenic Factors in Healthy Heart in Response to Physical Exercise Intensity
2019
Recently, many studies showing the regeneration potential of both cardiac and hematopoietic stem cells in adult heart following injury were definitively retracted by the literature. Therefore, stimulating myocardial angiogenesis becomes to be important for preventing cardiovascular diseases. Regular endurance exercise has been reported to induce capillary growth in healthy and diseased myocardium resulting in cardioprotective phenotype. Previously, we demonstrated a significantly increased capillary proliferation in mouse hearts following 30 and 45 days of endurance training. In the present study, we examined the localization and expression pattern of vascular endothelial growth factor rece…
Impact of Plasma Oxidative Stress Markers on Post-race Recovery in Ultramarathon Runners: A Sex and Age Perspective Overview
2021
Oxidative stress has been widely studied in association to ultra-endurance sports. Although it is clearly demonstrated the increase in reactive oxygen species and free radicals after these extreme endurance exercises, the effects on the antioxidant defenses and the oxidative damage to macromolecules, remain to be fully clarified. Therefore, the aim of this study was to elucidate the impact of an ultramarathon race on the plasma markers of oxidative stress of 32 runners and their post-race recovery, with especial focused on sex and age effect. For this purpose, the antioxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GR) activity, as well as the lipid peroxidation prod…
Exercise Training Protocols in Rabbits Applied in Cardiovascular Research
2020
Simple Summary Several animal models have been used to understand the physiological adaptations produced by exercise training in the healthy and diseased cardiovascular system. Among those, the protocols for acute and chronic exercise in rabbits present several advantages compared to other large animal models. In addition, the rabbit model has important physiological similarities with humans. On the other hand, the design of the training protocol is a key factor to induce the physiological adaptations. Here, we review the different training protocols used in rabbits and the different physiological adaptations produced in the cardiovascular system, in normal and pathological conditions. Abst…