Search results for "expectancy"

A Decision Support Tool for Appropriate Glucose-Lowering Therapy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

2015

Contains fulltext : 152084.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access) BACKGROUND: Optimal glucose-lowering therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus requires a patient-specific approach. Although a good framework, current guidelines are insufficiently detailed to address the different phenotypes and individual needs of patients seen in daily practice. We developed a patient-specific decision support tool based on a systematic analysis of expert opinion. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Based on the American Diabetes Association (ADA)/European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) 2012 position statement, a panel of 12 European experts rated the appropriateness (RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method) of tre…

Validating an Efficient Method to Quantify Motion Sickness

2011

Objective: Motion sickness (MS) can be a debilitating side effect associated with motion in real or virtual environments. We analyzed the effect of expectancy on MS and propose and validate a fast and simple MS measure.Background: Several questionnaires measure MS before or after stimulus presentation, but no satisfactory tool has been established to quickly capture MS data during exposure. To fill this gap, we introduce the Fast MS Scale (FMS), a verbal rating scale ranging from zero (no sickness at all) to 20 (frank sickness). Also, little is known about the role of expectancy effects in MS studies. We conducted an experiment that addressed this issue.Method: For this study, 126 volunteer…

Vaccination greatly reduces disease, disability, death and inequity worldwide

2007

In low-income countries, infectious diseases still account for a large proportion of deaths, highlighting health inequities largely caused by economic differences. Vaccination can cut health-care costs and reduce these inequities. Disease control, elimination or eradication can save billions of US dollars for communities and countries. Vaccines have lowered the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma and will control cervical cancer. Travellers can be protected against "exotic" diseases by appropriate vaccination. Vaccines are considered indispensable against bioterrorism. They can combat resistance to antibiotics in some pathogens. Noncommunicable diseases, such as ischaemic heart disease, c…

The Lancet Psychiatry Commission: a blueprint for protecting physical health in people with mental illness.

2019

The poor physical health of people with mental illness is a multifaceted, transdiagnostic, and global problem. People with mental illness have an increased risk of physical disease, as well as reduced access to adequate health care. As a result, physical health disparities are observed across the entire spectrum of mental illnesses in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries. The high rate of physical comorbidity, which often has poor clinical management, drastically reduces life expectancy for people with mental illness, and also increases the personal, social, and economic burden of mental illness across the lifespan. This Commission summarises advances in understanding on the…

Intervenciones preventivas en el ámbito de la atención primaria. El ejemplo del PAPPS. Informe SESPAS 2012

2012

ResumenObjetivosEl Programa de Actividades Preventivas y de Promoción de la Salud (PAPPS), que la Sociedad Española de Medicina de Familia y Comunitaria (semFYC) puso en marcha a finales de la década de 1980, tiene como objetivo la integración de las actividades preventivas y de promoción de la salud en el seno de las tareas desarrolladas en las consultas de atención primaria. Se pretende conocer el grado de cumplimentación del PAPPS en atención primaria.MétodosSe ha realizado una búsqueda bibliográfica de las publicaciones relacionadas con el PAPPS con el fin de evaluar su implementación y el impacto sus programas.ResultadosLas evaluaciones periódicas que se han ido realizando desde su ini…

The risks of using continuous deep palliative sedation within the context of euthanasia

2016

Although palliative care is one of the main arguments among the opponents of euthanasia, the individual medical activities implemented within it are not always evaluated unequivocally. Considering that patient in such care centres arrives mainly at the last stages of the disease when intensive treatments are no longer able to help, to reduce discomfort and relieve pain caused by the disease, analgesic means can be used that can shorten the patient's life expectancy and cause death. Such undesirable consequences can be seen in the deep and continuous palliative sedation, which not only is the last resort for pain prevention process, but also is still quite debatable medical and legal doctrin…

Thrombosis

2014

Background— Thrombosis is the common pathology underlying ischemic heart disease, ischemic stroke, and venous thromboembolism (VTE). The Global Burden of Disease Study 2010 (GBD 2010) documented that ischemic heart disease and stroke collectively caused 1 in 4 deaths worldwide. GBD 2010 did not report data for VTE as a cause of death and disability. Objective— To review the literature on the global burden of disease caused by VTE. Approach and Results— We performed a systematic review of the literature on the global disease burden because of VTE in low-, middle-, and high-income countries. Studies from Western Europe, North America, Australia, and Southern Latin America (Argentina) yielded…

Mortality studies for multiple sclerosis: still a useful tool to analyse long-term outcome

2017

Mortality studies represent a useful way to look at the prognosis of a chronic complex disease and to evaluate the impact of therapeutic and caring strategies on long-term outcomes. Results should be interpreted keeping always in mind the following important aspects: first, to what extent the disease affects patient’s life in terms of life expectancy. Second, what is at this moment the real impact that the strategies and measures we adopt to cure and to take care of patients really have on clear and strong endpoints like mortality? In their JNNP manuscript, Lunde et al .1 show a significant reduction in life expectancy in people affected by multiple sclerosis (MS) over a study period of abo…

Air Pollution Exposure During Pregnancy and Reproductive Outcomes

2011

Air pollution is largely recognized as a risk factor for several outcomes including increased mortality, increased hospital admissions and emergency visits for both respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, and impairment of respiratory function, including reduced lung function, exacerbation of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (Brunekreef & Holgate, 2002). Some populations have shown to be more susceptible to these effects, and among them including those people in the tails of the age distribution, i.e. the elderly and infants (Laumbach, 2010). The study of fetal growth and birth outcomes has become an important emerging field of environmental epidemiology (Sram et al., 2005)…

2018

Background Global development goals increasingly rely on country-specific estimates for benchmarking a nation's progress. To meet this need, the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2016 estimated global, regional, national, and, for selected locations, subnational cause-specific mortality beginning in the year 1980. Here we report an update to that study, making use of newly available data and improved methods. GBD 2017 provides a comprehensive assessment of cause-specific mortality for 282 causes in 195 countries and territories from 1980 to 2017. Methods The causes of death database is composed of vital registration (VR), verbal autopsy (VA), registry, survey…