Search results for "extension"
showing 10 items of 534 documents
A comparative study of factors related to carrying out physical activities of daily living (PADL) among 75-year-old men and women in two nordic local…
1997
The aim of this cross-sectional and cross-national study was to describe and compare the ability to carry out physical activities of daily living (PADL) and examine factors that might explain variation in this ability in two Nordic populations. Seven hundred and six men and women aged 75 from two populations (Glostrup, Denmark, and Jyväskylä, Finland) were interviewed and given a laboratory examination in 1989-90. The ability to carry out the PADL activities was studied by interview. Tests were given to determine depressive symptoms, cognitive capacity, and selected physical and sensory performance domains. Four different regression models (men and women in Jyväskylä and Glostrup) were used…
Comparison of Electromyographic Activity During Hip Extension Exercises Under Gravitational or Inertial Loading Conditions.
2021
Background: Hamstring injury prevention programs include strengthening, especially eccentric exercises using both gravitational and inertial loading. Inertial exercises are characterized by eccentric contractions of high intensity and velocity. This study aimed to analyze the muscular activation of the biceps femoris (BF), semitendinosus (ST), gluteus maximus (GM), and gracilis (GC) muscles during hip extension (HE) exercises performed under both gravitational and inertial loading conditions. Hypothesis: Inertial training would generate a greater activation of HE muscles than gravitational training. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Level of Evidence: Level 4. Methods: Fifteen resistance…
Effects of 10 weeks of military training on neuromuscular function in non-overreached and overreached conscripts
2018
The purpose of the study was to examine how military training influences neuromuscular function in non-overreached and overreached conscripts. A total of 24 male conscripts participated in the study (8 weeks basic training + 2 weeks specialized training). All measurements were conducted during weeks 1, 5, 8 and 10. After the training period, non-overreached (NOR, n = 16) and overreached (OR, n = 8) groups were compared. Isometric maximal forces (bench press, elbow flexion and knee extension), single twitch (plantar flexors), H-reflex, M-wave (Hmax/Mmax) and V-wave (V/Mmax) (soleus) were measured. In knee extension, force production increased in NOR by 22.5 ± 20.5% (p 0.01) between weeks 1 …
Cohort Differences in Maximal Physical Performance: A Comparison of 75- and 80-Year-Old Men and Women Born 28 Years Apart
2020
Abstract Background Whether increased life expectancy is accompanied by increased functional capacity in older people at specific ages is unclear. We compared similar validated measures of maximal physical performance in 2 population-based older cohorts born and assessed 28 years apart. Method Participants in the first cohort were born in 1910 and 1914 and were assessed at age 75 and 80 years, respectively (N = 500, participation rate 77%). Participants in the second cohort were born in 1938 or 1939 and 1942 or 1943 and were assessed at age 75 and 80 years, respectively (N = 726, participation rate 40%). Participants were recruited using a population register and all community-dwelling pers…
A Multidimensional Review and Extension of the SPI Manifesto Using STEEPLED Analysis
2021
Over a decade has passed since the inception of the SPI Manifesto. The fact that the signatories of the manifesto emanate from both the academic and the industrial communities enables a robust exchange of ideas and experiences. Continuous enrichment and refinement have been evidenced in publications, industrial projects, and consultancy across both communities. The main publication fora of this cross-disciplinary collaboration have been the EurAsiaSPI conferences, which have stimulated the healthy evolution of innovative ideas and disciplinary action(s). There is a current debate aiming to review and update the SPI Manifesto after ten years of theory and practice whilst major trends and pra…
Stepwise Lateral Extension of Phenyl‐Substituted Linear Polyphenylenes
2019
Polyphenylenes (PPs) are unique polymers showing high mechanical strength and chemical stability, and having potential applications, for example, in proton transfer and gas‐separation membranes. Moreover, phenyl‐substituted linear PPs can serve as precursors for bottom‐up syntheses of graphene nanoribbons (GNRs), a new class of nanoscale carbon materials that appear promising for nanoelectronics. Notably, lateral extensions of linear PPs with appropriate “branched” phenyl substituents, that is, avoiding spatial overlap of benzene rings in their projections into a plane, can lead to wider GNRs with modulated electronic and optical properties. GNRs with widths up to ≈2 nm are obtained, but sy…
When brands get branded
2009
Recent perspectives on branding have claimed that consumers establish relationships with brands (Fournier, 1998). According to this view, one has also to consider that — similar to human relationships — transgressions may occur in such a relationship. Brand misconduct describes a brand's behaviour that consumers do not agree with, e.g. Coca-Cola's introduction of the so-called New Coke in the eighties. After an introduction and definition different forms of misconduct are distinguished. The possible consequences, how the company can react to brand misconduct and, ultimately, the implications for branding theory development are examined.
Brand extensions in the platform countries of Asia – Effects of fit, order of market entry and involvement
2012
More and more Western companies understand that Asian markets offer great opportunities to export goods and services. In addition many investment approaches made to Asian markets take place by entering such markets via so-called platform countries (for example Hong Kong and Singapore), as they serve as a bridge to the Asian market and offer an interesting learning base, with consumers cultural behavior being essentially Asian but with strong Westernized influences. As brand extension research has proved to be of major importance for international companies, we examine the effects of fit, order of market entry and involvement on brand extension evaluations in these platform countries. Althou…
Brand extension: the moderating role of the category to which the brand extension is found
2008
PurposeThe objective of this paper is to evaluate brand extension from a consumer consumption perspective. The most relevant entity becomes both the product and the choice vector. This provides a different aspect of the heterogeneity as it concerns brand extension.Design/methodology/approachNestlé was selected as the brand to be studied and two qualitative studies were carried out on students based on open‐ended interviews. After a pre‐test, two groups of 400 students were selected. The first group was exposed to the diet biscuits in the context of “nibbling” and the second group exposed to the lip applications in the context “protecting my lips”.FindingsThe results confirm the importance o…
Does “Liking” Lead to Loving? The Impact of Joining a Brand's Social Network on Marketing Outcomes
2017
Does “liking” a brand on Facebook cause a person to view it more favorably? Or is “liking” simply a symptom of being fond of a brand? The authors disentangle these possibilities and find evidence for the latter: brand attitudes and purchasing are predicted by consumers' preexisting fondness for brands, and these are the same regardless of when and whether consumers “like” brands on social media. In addition, we explore possible second-order effects by examining whether “liking” brands might cause consumers' friends to view that brand more favorably. When consumers see that a friend has “liked” a brand, they are less likely to buy the brand relative to when they learn that a friend genuinel…