Search results for "farmacologia"
showing 10 items of 411 documents
Neurodegenerative diseases: Might citrus flavonoids play a protective role?
2016
Neurodegenerative diseases (ND) result from the gradual and progressive degeneration of the structure and function of the central nervous system or the peripheral nervous system or both. They are characterized by deterioration of neurons and/or myelin sheath, disruption of sensory information transmission and loss of movement control. There is no effective treatment for ND, and the drugs currently marketed are symptom-oriented, albeit with several side effects. Within the past decades, several natural remedies have gained attention as potential neuroprotective drugs. Moreover, an increasing number of studies have suggested that dietary intake of vegetables and fruits can prevent or delay th…
Current status and future directions in the treatment of bone metastases from breast cancer
2019
The clinical treatment of bone metastasis from breast cancer is currently based on the systemic administration of antiresorptive agents, radiopharmaceuticals, and/or local treatments such as radiation therapy, radiofrequency ablation and surgery. However, these therapeutic options are merely palliative and do not show to have a significant positive impact on patients' survival. In addition, the systemic administration of antiresorptive drugs and/or antitumour agents and/or radiopharmaceuticals may negatively affect normal bone metabolism with detrimental consequences for cancer patients. Hence, the need to identify alternative therapeutic strategies that, based on the hallmarks of bone meta…
Mitochondrial DNA Replacement Techniques to Prevent Human Mitochondrial Diseases.
2021
Background: Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) diseases are a group of maternally inherited genetic disorders caused by a lack of energy production. Currently, mtDNA diseases have a poor prognosis and no known cure. The chance to have unaffected offspring with a genetic link is important for the affected families, and mitochondrial replacement techniques (MRTs) allow them to do so. MRTs consist of transferring the nuclear DNA from an oocyte with pathogenic mtDNA to an enucleated donor oocyte without pathogenic mtDNA. This paper aims to determine the efficacy, associated risks, and main ethical and legal issues related to MRTs. Methods: A bibliographic review was performed on the MEDLINE and Web of S…
A new “sudden fright paradigm” to explore the role of (epi)genetic modulations of the DAT gene in fear-induced avoidance behavior
2020
Alterations in dopamine (DA) reuptake are involved in several psychiatric disorders whose symptoms can be investigated in knock out rats for the DA transporter (DAT-KO). Recent studies evidenced the role of epigenetic DAT modulation in depressive-like behavior. Accordingly, we used heterozygous (HET) rats born from both HET parents (termed MIX-HET), compared to HET rats born from WT-mother and KO-father (MAT-HET), implementing the role of maternal care on DAT modulation. We developed a "sudden fright" paradigm (based on dark-light test) to study reaction to fearful inputs in the DAT-KO, MAT-HET, MIX-HET, and WT groups. Rats could freely explore the whole 3-chambers apparatus; then, they wer…
Nutrition, obesity and hormones
2018
Obesity is a chronic pathological condition with a multifactorial aetiology, characterised by an excessive body fat accumulation with multiple organ-specific consequences. Emerging evidence highlights that obesity appears to be associated with multiple alterations in the endocrine system. However, the mechanisms underlying the interactions between obesity and this system remain still controversial. This review discusses the impact of obesity on various endocrine systems and, in particular, would provide a general overview on the biochemical changes that may occur in each of these axes in association with obesity.
3H-DA release evoked by low pH medium and internal H+ accumulation in rat hypothalamic synaptosomes
2002
LA FARMACOGENOMICA NELLA VALUTAZIONE DEL RISCHIO DA CHEMIOTERAPIA: POLIMORFISMI GENICI E 5-FLUOROURACILE NEL TRATTAMENTO DEL CARCINOMA DEL COLON-RETTO
2015
Introduzione: Il 5-fluorouracile (5-FU) ed il suo profarmaco capecitabina, attivo per via orale, è usato nel trattamento di numerosi tumori solidi, tra cui carcinomi mammari, colo-rettali e della regione testa-collo. Nonostante la sua efficacia, a suo carico sono stati associati fenomeni di grave tossicità correlati all’enzima diidropirimidina deidrogenasi (DPD), responsabile del suo metabolismo,la cui carenza determina un profondo ritardo nell’eliminazione dell’agente chemioterapico.Pertanto la presenza di polimorfismi nella regione codificante del gene DPYD può determinare lo sviluppo di gravi tossicità di III-IV grado, come: nausea, vomito, diarrea, stomatiti, leucopenia, neutropenia, pi…
Factores asociados al inicio y al abandono precoz de la lactancia materna
2011
INTRODUCCIÓN La lactancia materna (LM) por sus ventajas nutritivas y su capacidad para prevenir enfermedades en el lactante y en su madre es el patrón oro de la alimentación humana. Por este motivo, organismos como la O.M.S., la recomiendan como alimento único desde el nacimiento hasta los 6 meses de vida y, a partir de ahí, hasta los 2 años en combinación con la alimentación complementaria. JUSTIFICACIÓN A pesar de esta superioridad de la LM frente a la lactancia artificial (LA) son muchas las madres que hoy en día optan desde el inicio por una fórmula artificial y algunas de las que optan por la LM acaban abandonándola precozmente. ¿Por qué ocurre esto? HIPÓTESIS Existen un conjunto de fa…
Impacto del uso de tecnologías no térmicas sobre distintos parámetros nutricionales y de calidad en alimentos líquidos / Non-thermal technologies imp…
2011
In the last decade have appeared in the Spanish market new products based on mixtures of fruit juices and milk as well as beverages mixtures of fruit and/or vegetables, which have a good acceptance by consumers and with a high nutritional value largely due to its high content in bioactive compounds as well as antioxidant capacity. Traditionally, liquid food such as fruit and/or vegetables juices, as well as milk, have been preserved by thermal treatment such as pasteurization and sterilization. However these processes can cause loss of compounds responsible for the organoleptic and nutritional quality of food. Currently there is a growing demand by the consumer for minimally processed food …
Estudio de la variabilidad de la permeabilidad intestinal de fármacos. Estudios in vitro e in situ
2010
Son muchos los estudios que se han realizado para determinar la absorción intestinal de fármacos y cada grupo de trabajo utiliza su propia técnica experimental adaptada a sus condiciones de laboratorio y para las que se ha establecido previamente su capacidad predictiva sobre el resultado final in vivo en humanos. En el modelado de procesos cinéticos, como la absorción, para establecer correlaciones estructura actividad es frecuente combinar y comparar datos obtenidos en la misma especie animal o cultivos celulares en diferentes laboratorios a fin de incrementar la significación del modelo y su ámbito de aplicación a mayor número de moléculas. No obstante es frecuente observar disparidad en…