Search results for "farming"
showing 10 items of 302 documents
Relation between reflectance of rice crop and indices of pollution by heavy metals in soils of albufera natural park (Valencia, Spain)
1993
13 páginas, 3 figuras, 4 tablas, 1 foto.
Spatially variable rate herbicide application on durum wheat in Sicily
2004
Using the conventional farming system, durum wheat requires high rates of herbicide spraying. Herbicide residues can cause pollution of soil and ground water and, therefore, of the entire environment. In order to minimise the environmental impact of herbicides, a home made system for spatially variable rate crop input application was designed, developed and set up by the Department of Engineering and Technologies in Agriculture and Forestry (I.T.A.F.). This system consists of a DGPS, a portable computer, a specifically developed software and a device for applying rates proportionally related to the machine forward speed (DPA). Tests of spatially variable rate herbicide application were carr…
Analysing farming systems with Data Envelopment Analysis: citrus farming in Spain
2004
Abstract Farming systems in the Mediterranean agricultural areas of Spain are frequently characterised by the small size of the production units and a widespread strategy of externalisation of many growing tasks which could be seen as a way of allowing farms to remain competitive. In this paper, we suggest Data Envelopment Analysis as an appropriate analytical tool to explore the possibilities of short-term viability of individual farms, after eliminating current inefficient practices. From a sample of Spanish citrus farms, we identify the efficient production units that determine the technological or best practice frontier, and we compare their characteristics with those of the average far…
Investigation of superspreading COVID-19 outbreak events in meat and poultry processing plants in Germany: A cross-sectional study.
2020
Since May 2020, several COVID-19 outbreaks have occurred in the German meat industry despite various protective measures, and temperature and ventilation conditions were considered as possible high-risk factors. This cross-sectional study examined meat and poultry plants to examine possible risk factors. Companies completed a self-administered questionnaire on the work environment and protective measures taken to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection. Multivariable logistic regression analysis adjusted for the possibility to distance at least 1.5 meters, break rules, and employment status was performed to identify risk factors associated with COVID-19 cases. Twenty-two meat and poultry plants with 1…
Immunological and pathological status of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L.) under different long-term feeding regimes
2003
The possible influence of the feeding regime (FR) on the immune system and pathological status of gilthead sea bream was studied. Two growth trials were performed starting at different seasons (trial 1 = March; trial 2 = June) under controlled experimental conditions. In both trials, FR-1 groups received a restricted amount of food, whereas FR-2 groups were fed to visual satiety. The pathology study included parasitological and bacteriological examination, and the immunological traits analysed were respiratory burst activity of head kidney leucocytes, serum lysozyme and alternative pathway complement activity (ACH50). The immunological status of gilthead sea bream not only was not impaired …
Maternal effects in vulnerability to eye-parasites and correlations between behavior and parasitism in juvenile Arctic charr
2017
Hatchery-reared fish show high mortalities after release to the wild environment. Explanations for this include potentially predetermined genetics, behavioral, and physiological acclimation to fish farm environments, and increased vulnerability to predation and parasitism in the wild. We studied vulnerability to Diplostomum spp. parasites (load of eye flukes in the lenses), immune defense (relative spleen size) and antipredator behaviors (approaches toward predator odor, freezing, and swimming activity) in hatchery-reared juvenile Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) using a nested mating design. Fish were exposed to eye-fluke larvae via the incoming water at the hatchery. Fish size was positi…
Analyzing risk management in Mediterranean Countries: The Syrian perspective
2012
During the recent years Mediterranean Partner Countries (MPCs) are facing major political, institutional, economic and societal changes. As a matter of fact, the agricultural sector has been interested by global trends and has become more and more exposed to world dynamics. The resulting exposure of MPCs’primary sectors to risks has called great attention on existing and feasible risk management tools, as well as on the role of public interventions. Our paper deepen on the risk management status quo in Syria and explore the possibility of new policy interventions. The analysis has been carried out through a field activity that allowed to understand the issue based on experts’ opinions. We p…
Effect of thermal treatments on vitality and physical characteristics of bean, chickpea and lentil
2012
Thermal disinfestation treatments are relatively easy to apply, leave no chemical residues and may have some fungicidal activity. However, temperature and time combinations required to kill insect pests may meet or exceed those that reduce the viability of seeds, nutrients content, shelf life or technological characteristics. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of thermal treatments (different temperature and time combinations) on physical and biological characteristics of bean, chickpea and lentil. Seed samples of common bean, chickpea and lentil were treated at low (12, 24 or 48 h at −18 °C) or high (30, 60 or 90 min at 60 °C) temperature. Seed germination, mean germinatio…
Genomic Epidemiology of Salmonella Infantis in Ecuador: From Poultry Farms to Human Infections
2020
Salmonella enterica is one of the most important foodborne pathogens around the world. In the last years, S. enterica serovar Infantis has become an important emerging pathogen in many countries, often as multidrug resistant clones. To understand the importance of S. enterica in the broiler industry in Ecuador, we performed a study based on phenotypic and WGS data of isolates from poultry farms, chicken carcasses and humans. We showed a high prevalence of S. enterica in poultry farms (41.4%) and chicken carcasses (55.5%), but a low prevalence (1.98%) in human samples. S. Infantis was shown to be the most prevalent serovar with a 98.2, 97.8, and 50% in farms, foods, and humans, respectively,…
Isolation of a new serovar of Vibrio vulnificus pathogenic for eels cultured in freshwater farms
2003
The present work reports the isolation of a new serovar of Vibrio vulnificus pathogenic for eels cultured in freshwater farms. This serovar, named Serovar A, produced two outbreaks of low morbidity and mortality in one Spanish eel farm in September 2000 and March 2001. The vibriosis affected healthy eels, weighting between 10 and 100 g, that had been vaccinated against the serovar E of the species (formerly biotype 2) at least 6 months before. Some of the diseased eels showed symptoms different to those reported for the classical vibriosis due to serovar E. These symptoms included bleeding ventral ulcers together with haemorrhagic intestine. Bath experimental challenges demonstrated that (i…