Search results for "fault"
showing 10 items of 610 documents
Distributed analysis of simultaneous EEG-fMRI time-series: modeling and interpretation issues
2009
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and electroencephalography (EEG) represent brain activity in terms of a reliable anatomical localization and a detailed temporal evolution of neural signals. Simultaneous EEG-fMRI recordings offer the possibility to greatly enrich the significance and the interpretation of the single modality results because the same neural processes are observed from the same brain at the same time. Nonetheless, the different physical nature of the measured signals by the two techniques renders the coupling not always straightforward, especially in cognitive experiments where spatially localized and distributed effects coexist and evolve temporally at different …
The chronnectome of musical beat
2020
Keeping time is fundamental for our everyday existence. Various isochronous activities, such as locomotion, require us to use internal timekeeping. This phenomenon comes into play also in other human pursuits such as dance and music. When listening to music, we spontaneously perceive and predict its beat. The process of beat perception comprises both beat inference and beat maintenance, their relative importance depending on the salience of beat in the music. To study functional connectivity associated with these processes in a naturalistic situation, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging to measure brain responses of participants while they were listening to a piece of music contai…
Large-scale brain networks emerge from dynamic processing of musical timbre, key and rhythm
2012
We investigated the neural underpinnings of timbral, tonal, and rhythmic features of a naturalistic musical stimulus. Participants were scanned with functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) while listening to a stimulus with a rich musical structure, a modern tango. We correlated temporal evolutions of timbral, tonal, and rhythmic features of the stimulus, extracted using acoustic feature extraction procedures, with the fMRI time series. Results corroborate those obtained with controlled stimuli in previous studies and highlight additional areas recruited during musical feature processing. While timbral feature processing was associated with activations in cognitive areas of the cerebel…
Information acquisition in SME's relationship lending and the cost of loans
2015
Abstract This study analyzes the effect of the reputation SMEs get in a relationship lending on the cost of next loans. A unique dataset of 734 Spanish SMEs' relationship lending provides information on a loan-by-loan basis about the ex post previous loan performance, which measures reputation. No prior empirical research differentiates the cost of loans following a defaulted loan from the costs of those following a successfully repaid loan. Results show that lenders obtain information about borrowers' risk-level during relationship lending and use this information. Loans granted after a successful one pledge significantly lower collateral and interest rate than loans granted after a defaul…
Financial literacy is not enough: The role of nudging toward adequate long-term saving behavior
2020
Abstract This paper analyzes whether nudging has a relevant effect on financially literate individuals, even if these individuals are professionals with extensive experience of finance and pensions. The paper presents the results of a field experiment with employees of a leading life and pensions company in Spain. The results of the experiment show that financial literacy and awareness of the importance of saving are not enough for individuals to act. Even with pension plan experts, the combination of two types of instruments is necessary: rational instruments, such as financial literacy and awareness of the economic implications of retirement, and nudging, which moves individuals to action…
The effect of default options on choice—Evidence from online product configurators
2011
Many firms use product configurators to enable customers to specify their desired products online. In such systems, defaults are pre-specified for levels of product features by the manufacturer or dealer. For example, when configuring a racing bike online, a default is predefined (e.g., the Shimano Ultegra model) for all required features (e.g., the gearshift levers). Such defaults, which may even adapt to previous choices, ensure that a functional and fully defined product emerges at the end of the configuration process. However, when designing sales systems, companies often fail to realize that these defaults also affect customer decision-making. We demonstrate the effect by a study that …
Anticipating bank distress in the Eurozone: An Extreme Gradient Boosting approach
2019
Abstract The banking sector plays a special role in the economy and has critical functions which are essential for economic stability. Hence, systemic banking crises disrupt financial markets and hinder global economic growth. In this study, Extreme Gradient Boosting, a state of the art machine learning method, is applied to identify a set of key leading indicators that may help predict and prevent bank failure in the Eurozone banking sector. The cross-sectional data used in this study consists of 25 annual financial ratio series for commercial banks in the Eurozone. The sample includes Eurozone listed failed and non-failed banks for the period 2006–2016. A number of early warning systems a…
Structural and electronic properties ofβ-FeSi2nanoparticles: The role of stacking fault domains
2014
We use conventional and aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and ab initio calculations to investigate the structural and electronic properties of \ensuremath{\beta}-FeSi${}_{2}$ nanoparticles, which are a promising material for photovoltaic applications due to a band gap of 1 eV and a high absorption coefficient. The nanoparticles have average sizes of \ensuremath{\sim}20 nm, form aggregates, and are prepared by gas-phase synthesis. Amorphous SiO${}_{x}$ shells with thicknesses of \ensuremath{\sim}1.7 nm around \ensuremath{\beta}-FeSi${}_{2}$ cores are identified on individual nanoparticles using electron energy-loss spectroscopy, while stacking fault domains in the …
Study of inversion domain pyramids formed during the GaN:Mg growth
2003
AbstractThestudyofstructuraldefectsinducedbytheintroductionofMgduringthegrowthofMOCVDGaNispresented.Themagnesiumincorporationintothecrystalgrowthnotonlyinduceschangesinthestackingsequencefromhex-agonaltocubicstructures,butalsoinvertstheGaNpolarityfromGa-facetoN-face.Basedonthedifferentsurfacestructureandsurfacemigrationlengthofabsorbingprecursorsforeachpolaritytype(Ga-orN-face),the3DgrowthontopoftheN-facetriangulardefectisdescribed.TheN-facematerialischaracterizedbythreedanglingbondsofni-trogenthatpointuptowardthec-planesurface,enhancingthecrystalgrowthalongthec-axis. 2002ElsevierScienceLtd.Allrightsreserved. Keywords:Inversiondomain;Stackingfault;Polarity 1. IntroductionFurther progress tow…
Distorted f.c.c. arrangement of gold nanoclusters: a model of spherical particles with microstrains and stacking faults
2008
The structures of two samples of gold nanoclusters supported on silica were studied by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and X-ray absorption spectroscopy. The data relative to both techniques were analysed by an approach involving simulation based on structural models and fitting. The XRD model concerned a distorted f.c.c. (face-centred cubic) arrangement, with microstrains and parallel stacking faults in approximately spherical particles; as an alternative possibility, a linear combination of ordered f.c.c. and noncrystalline (decahedral and icosahedral) particles was also taken into account. Both approaches gave calculated patterns closely resembling the experimental data. X-ray absorption …