Search results for "finances"
showing 10 items of 1041 documents
Estimation des modèles dynamiques à erreurs composées avec autocorrélation par la méthode des variables instrumentales
1996
In this paper, we consider a dynamic error-components models with autocorrelated disturbances. We analyse the efficient estimation procedure of autocorrelation parameter and we try to find out whether moment conditions of a dynamic model without autocorrelation are valid when the model includes autocorrelation. We propose two efficient estimation methods of autocorrelation parameter in addition to Baltagi and Li (1994) estimator. We show that all moment conditions of a dynamic model without autocorrelation are not valid in dynamics errors-components models with autocorrelated disturbances.
Behaviour of common estimators in dynamic error-components models with autocorrelated disturbances
1997
The purpose of this paper is to make a presentation of the properties of a set of estimators comprising the within, between, OLS and GLS estimators in the study of dynamic error - components models with autocorrelated disturbances. We underline in this study the importance of the statistical distribution governing the initial values for the process and the structure of xit variable for the limiting values of the estimators when the temporal dimension is fixed but the individual dimension N grows indefinitly.
External knowledge sourcing in different national settings: a comparison of electronics establishments in Britain and France
2004
04001; International audience; In a detailed comparison of matched samples of electronics establishments in Britain and France, this paper finds that the two samples of establishments were operating in distinctively different national labour markets for engineers and scientists, reflecting structural differences in national higher education systems and a far higher level of individual mobility between enterprises in Britain than is found in France. These differences were found to have very little effect on quantitative measures of establishments' external research interactions which tended to reflect other national-institutional differences such as continued government support for public la…
The Stackelberg equilibrium as a consistent conjectural equilibrium
2011
International audience; We consider a static game with conjectural variations where some firms make conjectures while others do not. Two propositions are proved. We first show that there exists a continuum of conjectural variations such that the conjectural equilibrium locally coincides with the Stackelberg equilibrium (Proposition 1). Second, we define the conditions under which a conjectural equilibrium is a locally consistent equilibrium (i.e. such that conjectures are fulfilled). The conceptof (local) consistency is restricted to firms making conjectures. Two conditions on consistency are featured: consistency within a cohort and consistency among cohorts. The Stackelberg equilibrium fu…
Political Extremism and Rationality
2002
Political extremism is widely considered to be the product of irrational behavior. Originally published in 2002, the distinguishing feature of this collection by well-known economists and political scientists from North America, Europe and Australia is to propose a variety of explanations which all insist on the rationality of extremism. Contributors use variants of this approach to shed light on subjects such as the conditions under which democratic parties take extremist positions, the relationship between extremism and conformism, the strategies adopted by revolutionary movements, and the reasons why extremism often leads to violence. The authors identify four core issues in the study of…
Elections ordinaires et aménagements constitutionnels
2001
It is widely held that voting in the course of ordinary elections has no significant influence on the constitutional regime or order of a country. At least three powerful arguments are provided in support of that view. First, to claim that, at the same time as they play, players can change the rules is, to say the least, logically puzzling. A second argument refers to the motivations and possibilities of voters : voters, this argument says, are not really interested in constitutional issues and, even if they were, are particularly ill-equiped to understand their implications. The third argument rests on the observation of what obtains in practice : as a matter of fact, constitutional issues…
Reforms and decentralization: friends or foes
2013
Systemic concerns about markets, capitalism and the role of the state in the economy are salient again. Relatively large-scale reforms of economic and social arrangements are seriously considered. Historical experience suggests that reforms of that kind are sometimes associated with important changes in institutional arrangements pertaining to political decentralization. To explore the relationship between economic reforms and decentralization, the paper argues that a reform has two dimensions. It is a process and it is a design. The organization of the paper is inspired by that distinction. For economists, it seems natural to reason in terms of design -- that is, to perceive reform as the …
Indicateurs sur les inégalités du capital humain
2007
07095; Cette contribution a pour objectif de construire un indicateur sur les inégalités du capital humain, calculé à partir de la combinaison de deux sous-indicateurs d'inégalités. Le premier concerne le coefficient de Gini basé sur le nombre d'années scolaires. Le second prend en compte quatre autres dimensions des inégalités.
La médecine générale au prisme des consultations simulées
2010
National audience;
On the imprecision of consumer's spatial preferences
1978
Faced with a set of needs of different intensities and which he perceives more or less indistinctly, a consumer is not normally capable of selecting among the elements belonging to his set of possible consumptions, those he prefers or is indifferent to and those from which he is likely to derive utility. Moreover the goods and services are attainable to different degrees (available in supply space) and his knowledge is perfect only in border-line cases with the result that his world is generally imprecise. Even someone with an exceptional gift for discrimination is not capable of formulating for any pair of goods, his preference or indifference according to binary logic. The purpose of this…