Search results for "fishes"

Simultaneous determination of eight underivatised biogenic amines in fish by solid phase extraction and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometr…

2010

Biogenic amines on fish tissue are formed as a result of bacterial contamination and spoilage during storage. A new method based on liquid chromatography (LC) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) using a triple quadrupole (QqQ) analyser was developed for the analysis of eight biogenic amines (cadaverine, histamine, phenylethylamine, putrescine, spermine, spermidine, tyramine and tryptamine) in fish tissues. Sample preparation was performed by extraction with trichloroacetic acid 5% and solid phase extraction clean up with STRATA X cartridge. The MS/MS method was validated and compared with a method based on the analysis of dansyl derivatives by LC and fluorescence detector (FD). MS/MS achie…

The combined use of chemical and biochemical markers to assess water quality along the Ebro River

2004

Carp (Cyprinus carpio) and barbel (Barbus graellsii) were collected from five sites along the Ebro River. The study was designed to assess levels of persistent organic pollutants and metals bioaccumulated by fish, and some biochemical responses (cytochrome P450 system, phase II activities, and metallothioneins) against those pollutants. The highest levels of PCBs and DDTs were detected in carp from industrialised areas, which also showed high levels of mercury and cadmium in the liver, and high levels of nonylphenol in bile. Significant alterations in some biochemical markers were observed and associated to combined exposure to pollutants. The activity 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase ranged …

Ontogenetic development of the holocephalan dentition: Morphological transitions of dentine in the absence of teeth.

2021

Among the cartilaginous fishes (Chondrichthyes), the Holocephali are unique in that teeth are absent both in ontogeny and adult regenerative growth. Instead, the holocephalan dentition of ever-growing nonshedding dental plates is composed of dentine, trabecular in arrangement, forming spaces into which a novel hypermineralized dentine (whitlockin) is deposited. These tissue features form a variety of specific morphologies as the defining characters of dental plates in the three families of extant holocephalans. We demonstrate how this morphology changes through ontogenetic development with continuity between morphologies, through successive growth stages of the dentition represented by the …

Development and validation of a pressurized liquid extraction liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method for perfluorinated compounds dete…

2009

Abstract This paper describes the development and validation of an analytical methodology to determine eight perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) in edible fish using pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) with water and solid-phase extraction (SPE) with an ion-exchanger as extraction and pre-concentration procedures, followed by liquid chromatography–quadrupole-linear ion trap mass spectrometry (LC–QqLIT–MS). The rapidity and effectiveness of the proposed extraction procedure were compared with those most commonly used to isolate PFCs from fish (ion-pairing and alkaline digestion). The average recoveries of the different fish samples, spiked with the eight PFCs at three levels (the LOQ, 10 and 100…

The Root effect—a physiological perspective

2004

Yeast β-glucans and microalgal extracts modulate the immune response and gut microbiome in Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis)

2019

One bottleneck to sustainability of fish aquaculture is the control of infectious diseases. Current trends include the preventive application of immunostimulants and prebiotics such as polysaccharides. The present study investigated how yeast β-glucan (Y), microalgal polysaccharide-enriched extracts (MAe) and whole Phaeodactylum tricornutum cells (MA) modulated the gut microbiome and stimulated the immune system in Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) when administered by oral intubation. Blood, intestine and spleen samples were taken at 3 h, 24 h, 48 h and 7 days after treatment. The short-term response (within 48 h after treatment) consisted of up-regulation of il1b and irf7 expression in…

Metabolites of the aquatic pollutant diclofenac in fish bile.

2010

The uptake and metabolism of anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac (DCF) was studied by exposing rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to DCF intraperitoneally, and via water at concentration of 1.7 μg L(-1). The bile was collected and the formed metabolites were identified. The identification was based on the exact mass determinations by a time-of-flight mass analyzer and on the studies of fragments and fragmentation patterns of precursor ions by an ion trap mass analyzer. The main metabolites found were acyl glucuronides of hydroxylated DCFs. In addition, one ether glucuronide of hydroxylated DCF was found. Also, unmetabolized DCF was detected in the bile. The total bioconcentration factors (BC…

Premature aging in bone of fish from a highly polluted marine area

2015

Fish species have attracted considerable interest in studies assessing biological responses to environmental contaminants. In this study, the attention has been focussed on fishbone of selected fish species from a highly polluted marine area, Augusta Bay (Italy, Central Mediterranean) to evaluate if toxicant elements had an effect on the mineralogical structure of bones, although macroscopic deformations were not evident. In particular, an attempt was made to evaluate if bone mineral features, such as crystallinity, mineral maturity and carbonate/phosphate mineral content, determined by XR-Diffraction and FT-IR Spectroscopy, suffered negative effects due to trace element levels in fishbone,…

Efficacy of Ozonation Treatments of Smoked Fish for Reducing Its Benzo[a]pyrene Concentration and Toxicity

2017

Ozone is widely used in food processing, for example, to decompose mycotoxins or pesticide residues, to extend the shelf life of products, and for sanitation. The objective of this study was to assess the possibility of expanding the application of ozone for oxidative degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The evaluation was conducted by ozonation of a benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) standard solution and smoked fish (sprats) contaminated with PAHs. The effect of ozonation was immediate in the BaP solution; 89% of this toxic compound was decomposed after only 1 min of treatment. However, the impact of ozonation on the smoked sprats was less pronounced, even after prolonged treatment. …

The application of phospholipid removal columns and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry for quantificati…

2016

In this study a robust and sensitive method based on a proposed sample purification procedure, using zirconia-coated Phree™ columns and analysis by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry are presented for the assessment of multi-class antibiotics in farmed fish species. The sample preparation procedure benefited from combined precipitation of proteins and selective removal of phospholipids by Phree™ columns, resulting in a high sensitivity of the method (LOQ 0.3-9mgkg(-1)). The in-house validation results (precision, repeatability, decision limit CCα, detection capability CCβ, etc.) indicate that the elaborated method is fully suitable f…