Search results for "flight"

Control of apterous by vestigial drives indirect flight muscle development in drosophila

2003

0012-1606 (Print) Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Drosophila thoracic muscles are comprised of both direct flight muscles (DFMs) and indirect flight muscles (IFMs). The IFMs can be further subdivided into dorsolongitudinal muscles (DLMs) and dorsoventral muscles (DVMs). The correct patterning of each category of muscles requires the coordination of specific executive regulatory programs. DFM development requires key regulatory genes such as cut (ct) and apterous (ap), whereas IFM development requires vestigial (vg). Using a new vg(null) mutant, we report that a total absence of vg leads to DLM degeneration through an apoptotic process and to a total absence of DVMs in the …

Long-term effects of the trehalase inhibitor trehazolin on trehalase activity in locust flight muscle.

2010

SUMMARY Trehalase (EC 3.2.1.28) hydrolyzes the main haemolymph sugar of insects, trehalose, into the essential cellular substrate glucose. Trehalase in locust flight muscle is bound to membranes that appear in the microsomal fraction upon tissue fractionation, but the exact location in vivo has remained elusive. Trehalase has been proposed to be regulated by a novel type of activity control that is based on the reversible transformation of a latent (inactive) form into an overt (active) form. Most trehalase activity from saline-injected controls was membrane-bound (95%) and comprised an overt form (∼25%) and a latent form (75%). Latent trehalase could be assayed only after the integrity of …

Saliva analysis by surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF-MS) in orthodontic treatment: first pilot…

2011

Abstract Objective SELDI-TOF-MS (Surface-Enhanced Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-Of-Flight Mass Spectrometry) allows the generation of an accurate protein profile from minimal amounts of biological samples and may executes proteomic profile of saliva. The aim of this work is to compare the proteomic profile of saliva of patients in orthodontic treatment to the beginning of treatment and after three months by using the surface enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF-MS) technology. Materials and methods Saliva was collected from 14 patients, between the 11 and 17 years, to the beginning of the orthodontic treatment and after three months. Specimens …

Targeting metabolomics analysis of the sunscreen agent 2-ethylhexyl 4-(N,N-dimethylamino)benzoate in human urine by automated on-line solid-phase ext…

2011

The in vivo metabolism of the xenobiotic agent 2-ethylhexyl 4-(N,N-dimethylamino)benzoate (EDP), a UV filter commonly used in sunscreen cosmetic products, was studied by targeting metabolomics analysis in human urine. The metabolomic study involved the use of urine from male and female volunteers before and after application of an EDP-containing sunscreen cosmetic. The metabolism of EDP in urine was studied by using the triple quadrupole detector in a combination of Precursor Ion Scanning and Neutral Loss Scanning modes, with and without enzymatic hydrolysis. Detected metabolites were subsequently confirmed as glucuronide conjugates of 4-(N,N-dimethylamino)benzoic acid and 4-(N-methylamino)…

Comparison of actual and imagined execution of whole-body movements after a long exposure to microgravity

2003

Five cosmonauts were tested 30 days before a six-month space flight and also on the 2nd and the 6th day after their return to Earth. Cosmonauts performed and imagined a task that involved climbing two stairs to step onto a platform, jumping down with both feet and walking normally for a distance of 4 m. Durations of actual and imagined movements were measured by an electronic stopwatch. Results indicated that cosmonauts performed actual and imagined movements with similar durations before and after the space flight. However, the 2nd day after their return to Earth, cosmonauts significantly increased the durations of both actual and imagined movements. The durations of the imagined and actua…

''Active Collisions in Altered Gravity Reveal Eye-Hand Coordination Strategies''

2012

White, Olivier | Lefevre, Philippe | Wing, Alan M. | Bracewell, R. Martyn | Thonnard, Jean-Louis; International audience; ''Most object manipulation tasks involve a series of actions demarcated by mechanical contact events, and gaze is usually directed to the locations of these events as the task unfolds. Typically, gaze foveates the target 200 ms in advance of the contact. This strategy improves manual accuracy through visual feedback and the use of gaze-related signals to guide the hand/ object. Many studies have investigated eye-hand coordination in experimental and natural tasks; most of them highlighted a strong link between eye movements and hand or object kinematics. In this experime…

Regulation of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate in perfused flight muscle of the locust, Locusta migratoria: The effect of octopamine

1991

Behaviour of salivary testosterone and cortisol in men during an Ironman Triathlon

2021

Endurance exercise induces notable acute hormonal responses on the gonadal and adrenal hormones. The purpose of this study was to assess the changes in salivary testosterone (Ts), salivary cortisol (Cs) and T/C ratio during long-distance triathlon. Ten well-trained male triathletes participated in the study and were assessed for hormonal changes at four time-points (pre-competition, post-swimming, post-cycling, and post-running phases). Ts decreased from pre-competition to post-swimming (from 93.37 pg/mL to 57.63 pg/mL; p < .01) and increased during two other parts of the competition to almost pre-competition values (cycling: 79.20 pg/mL, p = .02; running: 89,66 pg/mL, p = .04, respectively…

How are neuroticism and depression related to the psychophysiological stress response to acute stress in healthy older people?

2015

Neuroticism and depressive symptomatology have been related to a heightened and diminished physiological stress response, which may partly explain their negative relationship with health and wellbeing. Identifying factors that may increase disease vulnerability is especially relevant in older people, whose physiological systems decline. With this in mind, we investigated the influence of neuroticism and depression on the psychophysiological stress response in healthy older people (from 55 to 76years old). A total of 36 volunteers were exposed to a stressful task (Trier Social Stress Test, TSST), while 35 volunteers performed a control non-stressful task. The physiological stress response wa…

Stress Response in Marine Sponges: Genes and Molecules Involved and Their use as Biomarkers

2000

Sponges (Porifera) are sessile filter feeders that are able to accumulate compounds from the surrounding water and thus are highly exposed to environmental stress by pollutants of both anthropogenic and natural origin. However, these animals possess a number of protective mechanisms against environmental stress, such as the expression of heat-shock proteins, the induction of the multi xenobiotic resistance mechanism, and the apoptotic elimination of cells. In the last years, a number of genes involved in the stress response of sponges have been cloned and characterized. In thischapter, the various molecular mechanisms by which cells of the lowest multicellular organisms—the marine sponges—r…