Search results for "fluency"
showing 10 items of 211 documents
Smoking and neurocognition in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder
2011
IntroductionSeveral studies have suggested that nicotine could have beneficial effects on cognitive functioning.ObjectiveTo explore the association between smoking and cognitive functioning in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia.MethodsObservational study. We analyzed data from 184 participants in 3 groups (61 healthy controls, 47 euthymic patients with bipolar-I disorder, 76 patients with clinically stable schizophrenia) assessed by a neuropsychological battery. Statistical analysis was performed comparing subgroups of smokers and non-smokers data. Both groups were demographic and clinically comparable.ResultsSmoking rate was higher in participants with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia (X…
Neurocognitive endophenotypes (endophenocognitypes) from studies of relatives of bipolar disorder subjects: a systematic review.
2008
Abstract Background There is growing interest to research neurocognition as a putative endophenotype for subjects with bipolar disorders (BD). The authors sought to review the available literature focused on relatives of subjects with bipolar disorder (BD-Rels) and identify suitable cognitive candidates to endophenotypes or endophenocognitypes. Method A systematic review was conducted in Medline, EMBASE and PsycINFO databases (1980–July 2007), supplemented with a manual search of reference lists. Results Twenty-three cross-sectional papers of discordant twins (4 studies), genetic high-risk subjects (7), and different BD-Rel groups (12) met the inclusion criteria and evaluated 532 BD-Rels. I…
Cognitive Functioning of the Prelingually Deaf Adults
2014
Deafness is a model of brain adaptation to sensory deprivation which entails psychomotor and cognitive domains. This study seeks to determine the level of emotional intelligence, assessed from the ability to discern emotions from facial expressions, visual and mental attention, and non-verbal fluency in the deaf people as compared with the hearing counterparts. Participants were 29 prelingually deaf, hearing loss of >70 dB, communicating only in sign language, and 30 hearing persons. The age range of all subjects was 40–50 years. Psychometric tools consisted of the Emotional Intelligence Scale-Faces, the d2 Test of Attention, and the Figural Fluency Test. Data elaboration took gender into a…
<b>Cognitive functioning of the prelingually deaf adults </b>
2014
Deafness is a model of brain adaptation to sensory deprivation which entails psychomotor and cognitive domains. This study seeks to determine the level of emotional intelligence, assessed from the ability to discern emotions from facial expressions, visual and mental attention, and non-verbal fluency in the deaf people as compared with the hearing counterparts. Participants were 29 prelingually deaf, hearing loss of >70 dB, communicating only in sign language, and 30 hearing persons. The age range of all subjects was 40–50 years. Psychometric tools consisted of the Emotional Intelligence Scale-Faces, the d2 Test of Attention, and the Figural Fluency Test. Data elaboration took gender into a…
Motor speed predicts stability of cognitive deficits in both schizophrenic and bipolar I patients at one-year follow-up
2009
Background We examined whether motor speed assessed by the finger tapping test predicts generalized and specific stable deficits because of a common patho-genic process in bipolar and schizophrenic patients. Methods: One hundred and two patients underwent a battery of neuropsychological tests. Patients with a score of less than one standard deviation from their siblings' sample in two assessments with an interval of one year were defined as suffering from stable deficits because of a common pathogenic process. In addition to univariate analyses, factor analyses, ordinal logistic regression, and multiple linear regressions were used. A general score was also calculated. Results: No differenc…
GraphoGame SI: the development of a technology-enhanced literacy learning tool for Standard Indonesian
2018
Early intervention programs are generally considered the most efficient and beneficial approach to providing support to struggling beginning readers. This paper discusses the theoretical background, development, and design of, as well as the first results obtained with, GraphoGame for Standard Indonesian, a technology-enhanced learning environment that trains the basic skills of reading by high but playful exposure to grapheme-phoneme coupling. The results of the pilot study assessing the usability of the program in 69 first-graders show that the more the students with low pre-test phonological skills were exposed to the game, the better their post-test performance on reading and decoding f…
Computer-Assisted Remedial Reading Intervention for School Beginners at Risk for Reading Disability
2011
The aim of the longitudinal study was to investigate whether a computer application designed for remedial reading training can enhance letter knowledge, reading accuracy, fluency, and spelling of at-risk children. The participants, 7-year-old Finnish school beginners (N = 166), were assigned to 1 of 3 groups: (a) regular remedial reading intervention (n = 25), (b) computer-assessed reading intervention (n = 25), and (c) mainstream reading instruction (n = 116). Based on the results, computer-assisted remedial reading intervention was highly beneficial, whereas regular type of intervention was less successful. The results indicated that at-risk children require computer-based letter–name and…
The Role of Reading Disability Risk and Environmental Protective Factors in Students' Reading Fluency in Grade 4
2013
This study examined the role of reading disability (RD) risk and environmental protective factors in reading fluency in grade 4. The sample consisted of 538 Finnish-speaking students. Kindergarten measures included the students' risk for RD based on poor achievement in phonological awareness and letter knowledge as well as information on the three control variables: nonverbal ability, level of parental education, and gender. Measures in grades 1–3 included environmental protective factors: classmate reports of peer acceptance; teacher reports of positive affect for the student; and mother, father, and teacher reports of partnership between the home and the school. The students were also tes…
Reading comprehension difficulty is often distinct from difficulty in reading fluency and accompanied with problems in motivation and school well-bei…
2019
This paper examined if difficulty in reading comprehension (PISA) is distinct from difficulty in reading fluency and if the distinct types of reading difficulties are differently associated with learning motivation, school burnout, and school enjoyment. The participants were 1324 Finnish ninth graders. Findings suggested that difficulties in reading comprehension are often distinct from difficulties in reading fluency. Three reading difficulty groups were identified: (1) poor readers with both fluency and reading comprehension difficulties (n = 46, 3.5%), (2) slow readers with only fluency difficulties (n = 70, 5.3%), and (3) poor comprehenders with only reading comprehension difficulties (…
The Influence of Hierarchical Masks on Masked Repetition Priming: Evidence From Event-Related Potential Investigation
2019
The discussion about relationship between prime and target has contributed to the mechanism of priming effect and object recognition. Nevertheless, the role of relationship between mask and target in those cognitive processes remains unquestioned. In the present study, we aim to investigate how mask-target hierarchical relationship may affect word priming and familiarity, by using the masked repetition paradigm and manipulating three hierarchical relationship between mask and target. It is hypothesized that a closer hierarchical relationship between mask and target is associated with a higher mask target similarity, and thereby it leads to a worse recognition performance. Our behavioral res…