Search results for "forest"
showing 10 items of 3780 documents
Modelling sediment delivery using connectivity components at the experimental SPA2 basin, Sicily (Italy)
2018
Sediment delivery ratio can be used as a measure of sediment connectivity and it can be linked to the structural connectivity (morphological unit, slope length, slope steepness, travel time) of a basin and to the functional connectivity (rainfall-runoff processes at morphological unit scale). In this paper the sediment connectivity approach was applied at basin scale both using Sediment Delivery Distributed (SEDD) model, which takes into account the hillslope sediment transport, and sediment yield measurements carried out at SPA2 experimental basin (Sicily, Italy). The expression of the sediment delivery ratio SDRi of a morphological unit was modified for highlighting two components corresp…
Survey data on the consequences of COVID-19 and home confinement on the educational community and families in Spain
2021
[EN] This paper presents a dataset concerning the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic and home confinement on the educational community and families, and the possibilities and opportunities for the return to schools. Data were collected through an online based cross-sectional survey between June 29, 2020 and July 12, 2020 in Spain. A total of 7,305 people who had children in their care during the COVID-19 crisis and the home-confinement period responded to the survey. The survey contained items concerning (i) socio-demographic information, (ii) conciliation of work, personal and family life during confinement, (iii) the impact of the pandemic on the respondent's family, and (iv) the respo…
On Infiltration and Infiltration Characteristic Times
2022
In his seminal paper on the solution of the infiltration equation, Philip (1969), https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-4831-9936-8.50010-6 proposed a gravity time, tgrav, to estimate practical convergence time and the time domain validity of his infinite time series expansion, TSE, for describing the transient state. The parameter tgrav refers to a point in time where infiltration is dominated equally by capillarity and gravity as derived from the first two (dominant) terms of the TSE. Evidence suggests that applicability of the truncated two-term equation of Philip has a time limit requiring higher-order TSE terms to better describe the infiltration process for times exceeding that limit. Since …
Organic coating on biochar explains its nutrient retention and stimulation of soil fertility
2017
Amending soil with biochar (pyrolized biomass) is suggested as a globally applicable approach to address climate change and soil degradation by carbon sequestration, reducing soil-borne greenhouse-gas emissions and increasing soil nutrient retention. Biochar was shown to promote plant growth, especially when combined with nutrient-rich organic matter, e.g., co-composted biochar. Plant growth promotion was explained by slow release of nutrients, although a mechanistic understanding of nutrient storage in biochar is missing. Here we identify a complex, nutrient-rich organic coating on co-composted biochar that covers the outer and inner (pore) surfaces of biochar particles using high-resoluti…
ENHANCEMENT OF WHEAT VIRUS-RESISTANCE AT APPLICATION OF THE SE NANOPARTICLES CITRATES AND CONSORTIUM OF SOIL MICROORGANISMS
2021
The influence of pre-sowing seed treatments of selenium nanocitrates (SeNPs) and application of soil formed microorganism consortium (biological preparation (BP) Extrakon) on wheat plants infected with wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) were investigated in greenhouse and fields conditions in 2018-2019 (on territories of Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology of NASU). The pre-sowing seed treatments of 1% selenium nanocitrates (SeNPs) with application of BP Extrakon initiating the growth of juvenile wheat in laboratory experiments were found. In the field experiment on variants of WSMV-infected plants, two weeks after inoculation (tillering stage), we observed the appearance of char…
Corynosoma acanthocephalans in their paratenic fish hosts in the northern Baltic Sea
2003
En 1996-1997, nous avons etudie les stages cystacanthes de trois especes de Corynosoma (Acanthocephala), C. strumosum et C. semerme, ainsi qu'une nouvelle espece C. magdaleni parasite du chabot a quatre cornes (Myoxocephalus quadricornis) dans le golfe de Bothnie. Les longueurs du tronc et du proboscis permettent de differencier les trois especes de parasites. La stabilite temporelle de l'infection par Corynosoma est etudiee en comparant nos resultats a ceux obtenus dans la meme zone geographique centrale et cotiere) en 1977-1982 (Valtonen, 1983a). Comme C. magdaleni et C. strumosum n'etaient pas differenciees a cette epoque, elles ont ete groupees sous l'appellation "C. strumosum" pour les…
The impact of wood-derived biochar on the survival of Trichoderma spp. and growth of Secale cereale L. in sandy soil
2018
The interrelations between biochar (BC) and soil microbiota remain unclear. Addressing this will be important for understanding how BC affects soil properties and plant growth. Here, we tested the ...
Carbon dynamics of soil organic matter in bulk soil and aggregate fraction during secondary succession in a Mediterranean environment.
2013
Clarifying which factors cause an increase or decrease in soil organic carbon (SOC) after agricultural abandonment requires integration of data on the temporal dynamics of the plant community and SOC. A chronosequence of abandoned vineyards was studied on a volcanic island (Pantelleria, Italy). Vegetation in the abandoned fields was initially dominated by annual and perennial herbs, then by Hyparrhenia hirta (L.) Stapf, and finally by woody communities. As a consequence, the dominant photosynthetic pathway changed from C3 to C4 and then back to C3. Conversion of a plant community dominated by one photosynthetic pathway to another changes the 13C/12C ratio of inputs to SOC. Using the time si…
Litter contribution to soil organic carbon in the processes of agriculture abandon
2015
The mechanisms of litter decomposition, translocation and stabilization into soil layers are fundamental processes in the functioning of the ecosystem, as they regulate the cycle of soil organic matter (SOM) and CO2 emission into the atmosphere. In this study the contribution of litters of different stages of Mediterranean secondary succession on carbon sequestration was investigated, analyzing the role of earthworms in the translocation of SOM into the soil profile. For this purpose the δ13C difference between meadow C4-C soil and C3-C litter was used in a field experiment. Four undisturbed litters of different stages of succession (45, 70, 100 and 120 since agriculture abandon) were colle…
The effects of land abandonment and long-term afforestation practices on the organic carbon stock and lignin content of Mediterranean humid mountain …
2019
Afforestation is an important strategy that can decrease atmospheric carbon by sequestering carbon in biomass and soil. In Spain, an active afforestation programme was adopted in the 1950s when the soil was severely eroded after widespread abandonment of arable land. The Araguás catchment (Central Spanish Pyrenees) is a good example of this programme because it was afforested with both Pinus sylvestris L. (PS) and Pinus nigra J.F.Arnold (PN). The soil organic carbon (SOC) stock and lignin content (based on the vanillyl, syringyl and cinnamyl contents) of these afforested soils were examined and compared to those of bare soil, secondary succession and meadow soils. Both the SOC stock and lig…