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showing 10 items of 24643 documents
Discovering Differential Equations from Earth Observation Data
2020
Modeling and understanding the Earth system is a constant and challenging scientific endeavour. When a clear mechanistic model is unavailable, complex or uncertain, learning from data can be an alternative. While machine learning has provided excellent methods for detection and retrieval, understanding the governing equations of the system from observational data seems an elusive problem. In this paper we introduce sparse regression to uncover a set of governing equations in the form of a system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The presented method is used to explicitly describe variable relations by identifying the most expressive and simplest ODEs explaining data to model releva…
Consumers' willingness to pay for natural food: Evidence from an artefactual field experiment
2018
Abstract Among foods with credence attributes, food with “natural” components have received in the last years particular attention by consumers. This study applies the BDM incentive compatible mechanism to explore young (18–35 years old) consumers’ interest and willingness to pay for chewing gums having the natural attribute. Our analysis shows that over 68% of consumers are interested in the natural attribute and are willing to pay a price premium. We also find that consumers’ higher age and interest in the environment have significant impacts on consumers’ preferences for the natural attribute.
Effects of the LPA1 Receptor Deficiency and Stress on the Hippocampal LPA Species in Mice
2019
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is an important bioactive lipid species that functions in intracellular signaling through six characterized G protein-coupled receptors (LPA1-6). Among these receptors, LPA1 is a strong candidate to mediate the central effects of LPA on emotion and may be involved in promoting normal emotional behaviors. Alterations in this receptor may induce vulnerability to stress and predispose an individual to a psychopathological disease. In fact, mice lacking the LPA1 receptor exhibit emotional dysregulation and cognitive alterations in hippocampus-dependent tasks. Moreover, the loss of this receptor results in a phenotype of low resilience with dysfunctional coping in res…
Retene causes multifunctional transcriptomic changes in the heart of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) embryos
2015
Fish are particularly sensitive to aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-mediated developmental toxicity. The molecular mechanisms behind these adverse effects have remained largely unresolved in salmonids, and for AhR-agonistic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). This study explored the cardiac transcriptome of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) eleuteroembryos exposed to retene, an AhR-agonistic PAH. The embryos were exposed to retene (nominal concentration 32 μg/L) and control, their hearts were collected before, at and after the onset of the visible signs of developmental toxicity, and transcriptomic changes were studied by microarray analysis. Retene up- or down-regulated 122 genes. Th…
Metabolic classification and intervention opportunities for tumor energy dysfunction
2021
A comprehensive view of cell metabolism provides a new vision of cancer, conceptualized as tissue with cellular-altered metabolism and energetic dysfunction, which can shed light on pathophysiological mechanisms. Cancer is now considered a heterogeneous ecosystem, formed by tumor cells and the microenvironment, which is molecularly, phenotypically, and metabolically reprogrammable. A wealth of evidence confirms metabolic reprogramming activity as the minimum common denominator of cancer, grouping together a wide variety of aberrations that can affect any of the different metabolic pathways involved in cell physiology. This forms the basis for a new proposed classification of cancer accordin…
Chip Formation and Control
2008
This chapter provides comprehensive engineering knowledge and modelling techniques applied in description of chip formation in the cutting zone and its separation from the bulk material, flow, and final breaking. Possible classification systems, including different chip shapes and physical mechanisms of their formation, are specified. The mechanisms of brittle fracture-based and shear-type chips are characterized in terms of plastic deformation and fracture mechanics. The models of the shear angle using different mechanical approaches are discussed. In addition, representative examples of FEM simulations of different types of chips for turning and milling operations are presented. Formulas …
Strategies for structuring interdisciplinary education in Systems Biology: an European perspective
2016
Systems Biology is an approach to biology and medicine that has the potential to lead to a better understanding of how biological properties emerge from the interaction of genes, proteins, molecules, cells and organisms. The approach aims at elucidating how these interactions govern biological function by employing experimental data, mathematical models and computational simulations. As Systems Biology is inherently multidisciplinary, education within this field meets numerous hurdles including departmental barriers, availability of all required expertise locally, appropriate teaching material and example curricula. As university education at the Bachelor’s level is traditionally built upon…
Applications of Chemoinformatics in Predictive Toxicology for Regulatory Purposes, Especially in the Context of the EU REACH Legislation
2018
Chemoinformatics methodologies such as QSAR/QSPR have been used for decades in drug discovery projects, especially for the finding of new compounds with therapeutic properties and the optimization of ADME properties on chemical series. The application of computational techniques in predictive toxicology is much more recent, and they are experiencing an increasingly interest because of the new legal requirements imposed by national and international regulations. In the pharmaceutical field, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) support the use of predictive models for regulatory decision-making when assessing the genotoxic and carcinogenic potential of drug impurities. In Europe, the REA…
Predictive shelf life model based on RF technology for improving the management of food supply chain: A case study
2016
The aim of this paper was the development of a Smart Logistic Unit (SLU) based on RF technology to support the management of the food supply chain, in order to guarantee the shelf life of products in agreement with logistic efficiency and system sustainability. For this purpose, the main parameters that influence the quality of perishable products were determined and a shelf life equation based on Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) was modelled. The levels of VOCs were gathered by the sensors allocated inside the SLU, which configures as the remote element of a system for identification and data transmission. The proposed model was then validated through an experimental test, simulating the …
Generalized Thru-Reflect-Line Calibration Technique for the Measurement of Multimodal Radiating Waveguides
2017
The objective of this letter is to extend the use of the generalized thru-reflect-line measurement technique to the case of a radiating multimodal rectangular waveguide aperture. Although this radiating aperture has been carefully studied from a theoretical point of view, the relevant experimental characterization has been limited to the case where the feeding waveguide is monomodal. In addition to theory, we also present experimental results that agree quite well with full-wave simulations, thereby fully validating the measurement technique.