Search results for "functional"

showing 10 items of 4822 documents

Palladium-catalyzed heteroaryl thioethers synthesis overcoming palladium dithiolate resting states inertness: Practical road to sulfones and NH-sulfo…

2018

International audience; We provide efficient synthetic access to heteroaryl sulfones in two-steps using a simple palladium-1,1'-bis [(diphenyl)phosphanyl]ferrocene catalyst to form in high yields variously functionalized heteroaromatic thioethers. Pyridinyl-containing substrates can be subsequently selectively oxidized into sulfones and NH-sulfoximines by using very mild oxidation conditions with a high functional group tolerance. In the palladium catalyzed C-S coupling of heteroaromatic thiols, reactivity limitation is attached with electron-deficient thiols. We show that this limitation can be resolved by the successful use of 2-bromoheteroarenes in the C-S coupling. We established herein…

bond formationarenessulfideschemistry.chemical_element010402 general chemistry01 natural sciencesCatalysisefficientCatalysischemistry.chemical_compounds-arylation[CHIM]Chemical SciencesReactivity (chemistry)SulfonesResting statethiols[PHYS]Physics [physics]010405 organic chemistryProcess Chemistry and TechnologyGeneral Chemistryindolesacid saltsCombinatorial chemistry0104 chemical sciencesThiolatesC-S couplingchemistryFerroceneNH-sulfoximinesReagentElectrophileFunctional groupH functionalizationdirecting groupPalladiumStoichiometryPalladiumCatalysis Communications
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Electrochemical C−H Functionalization of (Hetero)Arenes—Optimized by DoE

2020

Abstract A novel approach towards the activation of different arenes and purines including caffeine and theophylline is presented. The simple, safe and scalable electrochemical synthesis of 1,1,1,3,3,3‐hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) aryl ethers was conducted using an easy electrolysis setup with boron‐doped diamond (BDD) electrodes. Good yields up to 59 % were achieved. Triethylamine was used as a base as it forms a highly conductive media with HFIP, making additional supporting electrolytes superfluous. The synthesis was optimized using Design of Experiment (DoE) techniques giving a detailed insight to the significance of the reaction parameters. The mechanism was investigated by cyclic volt…

boron-doped diamond540 Chemistry and allied sciencesanodeElectrolyte010402 general chemistryElectrochemistry01 natural sciencesCatalysislaw.inventionC−H functionalizationchemistry.chemical_compoundlawelectrolysisElectrochemistryTriethylaminecaffeineElectrolysis010405 organic chemistryCommunicationArylOrganic ChemistryGeneral ChemistryCombinatorial chemistryCommunications0104 chemical scienceschemistry540 ChemieElectrodeSurface modificationCyclic voltammetryChemistry – A European Journal
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Learning-based multiresolution transforms with application to image compression

2013

In Harten's framework, multiresolution transforms are defined by predicting finer resolution levels of information from coarser ones using an operator, called prediction operator, and defining details (or wavelet coefficients) that are the difference between the exact and predicted values. In this paper we use tools of statistical learning in order to design a more accurate prediction operator in this framework based on a training sample, resulting in multiresolution decompositions with enhanced sparsity. In the case of images, we incorporate edge detection techniques in the design of the prediction operator in order to avoid Gibbs phenomenon. Numerical tests are presented showing that the …

business.industry020206 networking & telecommunicationsPattern recognition02 engineering and technologySample (graphics)Edge detectionGibbs phenomenonsymbols.namesakeWaveletOperator (computer programming)Control and Systems EngineeringCompression (functional analysis)Statistical learning theorySignal Processing0202 electrical engineering electronic engineering information engineeringsymbols020201 artificial intelligence & image processingComputer Vision and Pattern RecognitionArtificial intelligenceElectrical and Electronic EngineeringbusinessSoftwareImage compressionMathematicsSignal Processing
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Multi-functional Protein Clustering in PPI Networks

2008

Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) networks contain valuable information for the isolation of groups of proteins that participate in the same biological function. Many proteins play different roles in the cell by taking part in several processes, but isolating the different processes in which a protein is involved is often a difficult task. In this paper we present a method based on a greedy local search technique to detect functional modules in PPI graphs. The approach is conceived as a generalization of the algorithm PINCoC to generate overlapping clusters of the interaction graph in input. Due to this peculiarity, multi-facets proteins are allowed to belong to different groups correspondi…

business.industryComputer scienceFunctional proteinGeneralizationA proteinPattern recognitionTask (project management)Bioinformatics network analysisLocal search (optimization)Artificial intelligenceIsolation (database systems)businessCluster analysisNetwork analysis
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Simplified model of mean double step (MDS) in human body movement

2012

In this paper we present a simplified and useful model of the human body movement based on the full gait cycle description, called the Mean Double Step (MDS). It enables the parameterization and simplification of the human movement. Furthermore it allows a description of the gait cycle by providing standardized estimators to transform the gait cycle into a periodical movement process. Moreover the method of simplifying the MDS model and its compression are demonstrated. The simplification is achieved by reducing the number of bars of the spectrum and I or by reducing the number of samples describing the MDS both in terms of reducing their computational burden and their resources for the dat…

business.industryComputer scienceMovement (music)Compression (functional analysis)Computer data storageFast Fourier transformProcess (computing)EstimatorBody movementbusinessGait cycleAlgorithmSimulationSPIE Proceedings
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Potential and competitiveness of EU countries in terms of slaughter livestock production

2019

: Models and methods of spatial econometrics are gaining more and more popularity. Their advantage is the opportunity to examine the interrelationships between individual territorial units. These methods, apart from the own potential of the region, take into account the impact of neighbouring objects and location in space. The aim of the study is to examine the relationship between the potential and the level of competitiveness of individual European Union countries in the field of slaughter cattle production. In addition, the paper attempts to determine the specialisation of individual EU countries in the production of slaughter animals by sector. The analysis covered the years 2010–2016, …

business.industryFarm incomeSpecialization (functional)Animal productionProduction (economics)LivestockBusinessTerms of tradeGeneral Economics Econometrics and FinanceAgricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous)Eu countriesAgricultural economicsanimal production; competitiveness; specialisationAgricultural Economics-Zemedelska Ekonomika
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Investigation of buckling characteristics of cracked variable stiffness composite plates by an eXtended Ritz approach

2021

Abstract Variable Angle Tow (VAT) composite plates are characterized by in-plane variable stiffness properties, which opens to new concepts of stiffness tailoring and optimization to achieve higher structural performance for advanced lightweight structures where damage tolerance consideration are often mandatory. In this paper, a single-domain eXtended Ritz formulation is proposed to study the buckling behaviour of variable stiffness laminated cracked plates. The plate behaviour is described by the first order shear deformation theory whose generalized displacements, namely reference plane translations and rotations, are expressed via suitable admissible trial functions. These consist of a …

business.industryMechanical EngineeringBoundary (topology)Stiffness020101 civil engineering02 engineering and technologyBuilding and ConstructionStructural engineering0201 civil engineering020303 mechanical engineering & transports0203 mechanical engineeringBucklingSpecial functionsOrthogonal polynomialsmedicineBoundary value problemmedicine.symptombusinessBuckling Cracked plates Extended Ritz method Variable stiffness X-RitzSettore ING-IND/04 - Costruzioni E Strutture AerospazialiDamage toleranceCivil and Structural EngineeringMathematicsEnergy functional
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Performance of the dentogingival junction with mta and biodentine on the treatment of invasive cervical resorptions. A literature review and case rep…

2021

Invasive cervical resorption (ICR) is an uncommon phenomenon (0.1%), however, it represents a challenge to the structural and functional integrity of the dentogingival junction, as well as a risk for the survival of the affected tooth. They are characterized by their location and invasive character, being able to appear in any tooth of the permanent dentition. It shows up after the damage to the cervical insertion apparatus, leaving the pulp without participation in the origin of the lesion. They may appear just below the junctional epithelium or at a more apical level. The MTA® (Dentsply, Tulsa dental, Tulsa OK) and the Biodentine® (Septodent, Saint Maur of Fossés, France) are two biomater…

business.industryPermanent dentitionJunctional epitheliumDentistryCase ReportRoot resorptionmedicine.diseaseLesionFunctional integrityInvasive cervical resorptionmedicinePulp (tooth)Periodontologymedicine.symptombusinessGeneral DentistryUNESCO:CIENCIAS MÉDICASJournal of Clinical and Experimental Dentistry
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Rigal — a programming language for compiler writing

2005

A new programming language for compiler writing is described. The main data structures are atoms, lists and trees. The control structures are based on advanced pattern matching. All phases of compilation, including parsing, optimization and code generation, can be programmed in this language in short and readable form. Sample compiler written in RIGAL is presented.

business.industryProgramming languageComputer scienceDynamic compilationcomputer.software_genreFunctional compilerCompiler constructionHigh-level programming languageArtificial intelligenceCompilerFirst-generation programming languagebusinesscomputerLow-level programming languageNatural language processingCompile time
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Connectedness and connectivity of the Natura 2000 network of protected areas across country borders in the European Union

2012

Abstract We studied the spatial connectedness of Natura 2000 site boundaries and the functional connectivity of the Natura 2000 network across the 34 terrestrial borders of the European Union. Connectivity was measured by the dispersal success of 192 reptile, amphibian, invertebrate and plant species from Annex II of the European Union Habitats Directive, based on the presence of same species on both sides of the borders. Connectedness and connectivity varied greatly between state borders, with good and bad examples found in all parts of the European Union. Connectedness and connectivity were positively correlated. However, a few outlying examples showed that good connectedness is not neces…

business.industrySocial connectednessFunctional connectivityEnvironmental resource managementGeographyHabitatBiological dispersalmedia_common.cataloged_instanceEconomic geographyTaxonomic rankHabitats DirectiveEuropean unionNatura 2000businessEcology Evolution Behavior and SystematicsNature and Landscape Conservationmedia_commonBiological Conservation
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