Search results for "ganglio"

Binding Sites for Neurotoxins and Cholinergic Ligands in Peripheral and Neuronal Nicotinic Receptors Studies with Synthetic Receptor Sequencesa

1995

Mapping of a binding site for ATP within the extracellular region of the Torpedo nicotinic acetylcholine receptor beta-subunit.

1997

Using 2,8,5'-[H-3]ATP as a direct photoaffinity label for membrane-bound nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) from Torpedo marmorata, we have identified a binding site for ATP in the extracellular region of the beta-subunit of the receptor. Photolabeling was completely inhibited in the presence of saturating concentrations of nonradioactive ATP, whereas neither the purinoreceptor antagonists suramin, theophyllin, and caffeine nor the nAChR antagonists alpha-bungarotoxin and d-tubocurarine affected the labeling reaction. Competitive and noncompetitive nicotinic agonists and Ca2+ increased the yield of the photoreaction by up to 50%, suggesting that the respective binding sites are allost…

2014

The family of synuclein proteins (α, β and γ) are related to neurodegenerative disease e.g. Parkinson disease and Morbus Alzheimer. Additionally, a connection between γ-synuclein and glaucoma, a neurodegenerative disease characterized by a progressive loss of retinal ganglion cells, which finally leads to blindness, exists. The reason for the development of glaucoma is still unknown. Recent studies evaluating the participation of immunological components, demonstrate complex changed antibody reactivities in glaucoma patients in comparison to healthy people, showing not only up-regulations (e.g. alpha-fodrin antibody) but also down-regulations (e.g. γ-synuclein antibody) of antibodies in gla…

The role of glia, mitochondria, and the immune system in glaucoma.

2009

Author(s): Tezel, Gulgun; Fourth ARVO/Pfizer Ophthalmics Research Institute Conference Working Group

Evidence for bilateral vagal innervation of postganglionic parasympathetic neurons in chicken heart

1983

Stimulation of the cervical vagus nerves caused an output of acetylcholine (ACh) from the isolated chicken heart, which almost exclusively was released from the postganglionic neurons: (+)-tubocurarine (3 X 10(-14) M) reduced the output to 12 +/- 6% (n = 7) of the control. Stimulation of the two nerve trunks ws equally effective in releasing ACh.--Evidence that a large number of postganglionic neurons receives bilateral innervation was based on two experimental series. (1). The sum of the ACh outputs evoked by unilateral (separate) nerve stimulation of the right and the left vagus was higher than the bilaterally evoked output (100%) and increased with increasing frequencies (10, 20 and 40 H…

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and its soluble receptor support survival of sensory neurons

1999

The cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) has multiple functions in the immune and hematopoietic systems. IL-6 is related to ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), a trophic factor for motoneurons, sensory dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, and other neuronal subpopulations. Both act via related receptor complexes, consisting of one ligand-specific α-receptor subunit (IL-6R and CNTFR, respectively) and two signal-transducing receptor components. Even though IL-6 is expressed by neurons and glia, the functions of IL-6 in the nervous system are poorly understood. Here, we report that exogenous human IL-6 promotes the survival of dissociated newborn rat DRG neurons in vitro if supplemented with soluble …

Pathogenesis of circulatory reactions triggered by nervous reflexes during the implantation of bone cements.

1983

Circulatory and respiratory reactions during the implantation of joint endoprostheses have been observed for years. The components of the bone cements used for anchoring (methyl methacrylate monomer) or the outpour of bone marrow substances from the affected bone marrow cavity are thought to be chiefly responsible for these effects. However, our previous investigations demonstrated unambiguously that reactions of this type can be attributed to direct nervous-reflex mechanisms triggered by the pressure rise in the medullary canal, and that, in addition, bone marrow embolism plays a part in serious circulatory incidents. The investigations on which the present paper is based have confirmed th…

Divergent distribution of cytoglobin and neuroglobin in the murine eye

2005

Neuroglobin (Ngb) and cytoglobin (Cygb) are two vertebrate globins with yet poorly defined functions. Previous studies had demonstrated a high expression level of neuroglobin in the mammalian retina, being in line with a respiratory function. Here we show that in the mouse eye, cytoglobin is localised in fibroblasts of the ciliary processes and the choroidea. In the neuronal retina, cytoglobin is expressed in a subset of neurons of the ganglion cell and inner nuclear layers. Cytoglobin is also present in the inner plexiform layer, but absent from the pigment cells. Neuroglobin is localised in photoreceptor inner segments, the plexiform layers and the ganglion cell layer. The divergent distr…

Engineered axon tracts within tubular biohybrid scaffolds

2021

[EN] Injuries to the nervous system that involve the disruption of axonal pathways are devastating to the individual and require specific tissue engineering strategies. Here we analyse a cells-biomaterials strategy to overcome the obstacles limiting axon regeneration in vivo, based on the combination of a hyaluronic acid (HA) single-channel tubular conduit filled with poly-L-lactide acid (PLA) fibres in its lumen, with pre-cultured Schwann cells (SCs) as cells supportive of axon extension. The HA conduit and PLA fibres sustain the proliferation of SC, which enhance axon growth acting as a feeder layer and growth factor pumps. The parallel unidirectional ensemble formed by PLA fibres and SC …

Oligosaccharide and Ganglioside Neuraminidase Activities of Mucolipidosis I (Sialidosis) and Mucolipidosis II (I-Cell Disease) Fibroblasts

1979

Fibroblasts cultured from the skin of patients with the genetic diseases mucolipidosis I and mucolipidosis II were found deficient in a neuraminidase specific for both an α23 and and α2 6 type of neuraminosyl linkage of sialyl oligosaccharides. Obligate heterozygotes (parents) showed an intermediate activity in mucolipidosis I, but a normal one in mucolipidosis II. The neuraminidase activity of mucolipidosis I fibroblasts towards gangliosides, measured at pH 4.5 in the presence of Triton X-100, was within the range of normal controls with gangliosides Gm3 and GD3, but somewhat diminished with a bovine brain ganglioside preparation. In mucolipidosis II, neuraminidase activity was markedly de…