Search results for "gaze"
showing 10 items of 146 documents
Foucault, pastoral power, and optics
2015
The article shows that in Foucault’s late 1970s and early 1980s analyses of pastoral, conductive power—most essentially in early and medieval Christianity—the issue of sight and visual perception recurs and occupies a crucial status. In Foucault’s discussion, these Christian relations of power, knowledge, and truth are attached with a surveying gaze that is both totalizing as well as individualizing, one that is mobilized by the thrust towards perfect visibility, transparency, and illumination of the subject turned into an object. The intention is also to develop Foucault’s analysis further, by demonstrating how Christian, providential government can be and actually has been detached from …
Enhanced tonic GABAA inhibition in typical absence epilepsy
2009
The cellular mechanisms underlying typical absence seizures, which characterize various idiopathic generalized epilepsies, are not fully understood, but impaired γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic inhibition remains an attractive hypothesis. In contrast, we show here that extrasynaptic GABAA receptor–dependent 'tonic' inhibition is increased in thalamocortical neurons from diverse genetic and pharmacological models of absence seizures. Increased tonic inhibition is due to compromised GABA uptake by the GABA transporter GAT-1 in the genetic models tested, and GAT-1 is crucial in governing seizure genesis. Extrasynaptic GABAA receptors are a requirement for seizures in two of the best character…
Il dinamismo e la competitività delle imprese italiane: le high-growth enterprises e le gazzelle familiari e non familiari.
2019
A high percentage of businesses comes to an end shortly after birth. This highly vulnerable condition is a hallmark of young businesses, as early stage survival rates are low in all countries and industries. This paper recalls the main causes of vulnerability of companies in their start-up phase, whose knowledge is useful to prevent their manifestation and, in this way, to encourage the creation of companies more likely to overcome the difficult first stage of life. To promote economic development, however, it is not enough to create businesses, they have to last over time. To identify the characteristics that businesses – and therefore also young ones – must possess in order to survive and…
Kreowanie obrazu homoseksualizmu w tygodniku ,,Gazeta Polska”
2022
Celem artykułu jest pokazanie, jaki obraz homoseksualności oraz osób homoseksualnych funkcjonuje współcześnie w konserwatywnym tygodniku ,,Gazeta Polska”. Analiza oparta jest na artykułach opublikowanych od stycznia do maja 2021 r. Autorka bierze pod uwagę artykuły zarówno o osobach homoseksualnych, jak i ogólnie o mniejszości LGBT+, gdyż dziennikarze ,,Gazety Polskiej” często nie używają rozróżnienia pomiędzy tymi mniejszościami. W artykule opisuje się leksykę, której dziennikarze tygodnika używają wobec osób homoseksualnych, sposób zapisu (np. cudzysłów), kontekst, w jakim pojawia się temat mniejszości seksualnych oraz strategie perswazji, których używa się, by kreować negatywny obraz hom…
2020
Domain-specific understanding of digitally represented graphs is necessary for successful learning within and across domains in higher education. Two recent studies conducted a cross-sectional analysis of graph understanding in different contexts (physics and finance), task concepts, and question types among students of physics, psychology, and economics. However, neither changes in graph processing nor changes in test scores over the course of one semester have been sufficiently researched so far. This eye-tracking replication study with a pretest-posttest design examines and contrasts changes in physics and economics students' understanding of linear physics and finance graphs. It analyze…
Gobernanza y educación superior: fomento de la cultura emprendedora
2009
El fomento de la cultura emprendedora es un tema prioritario en la actual agenda de las políticas públicas de educación superior. El presente artículo analiza la experiencia del proyecto GAZE de fomento de la cultura emprendedora en el estudiantado de educación superior. El proyecto GAZE está basado en la gobernanza donde los usuarios finales de un programa de política pública orientado hacia el emprendimiento participan de su diseño. El artículo ofrece resultados empíricos de talleres de emprendimiento realizados con los estudiantes y un conjunto de recomendaciones de política pública elaboradas por el propio estudiantado.
Gaze cueing in naturalistic scenes under top-down modulation – Effects on gaze behaviour and memory performance
2022
Humans as social beings rely on information provided by conspecifics. One important signal in social communication is eye gaze. The current study (n = 93) sought to replicate and extend previous findings of attentional guidance by eye gaze in complex everyday scenes. In line with previous studies, longer, more and earlier fixations for objects cued by gaze compared to objects that were not cued were observed in free viewing conditions. To investigate how robust this prioritization is against top-down modulation, half of the participants received a memory task that required scanning the whole scene instead of exclusively focusing on cued objects. Interestingly, similar gaze cueing effects oc…
Transcranial direct current stimulation over left and right DLPFC: Lateralized effects on planning performance and related eye movements.
2014
Left and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) were recently found to be differentially affected by unilateral continuous theta-burst stimulation, reflected in an oppositional alteration of initial thinking time (ITT) in the Tower of London planning task. Here, we further explored this finding using bilateral transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and simultaneous tracking of eye movements. Results revealed a decrease in ITT during concurrent cathodal tDCS of left dlPFC and anodal tDCS of right dlPFC. Eye-movement analyses showed that this facilitating tDCS effect was associated with the actual planning phase, thus reflecting a planning-specific impact of stimulation. For the…
Study of the tear effect with Eye tracking methodology: A pilot study
2018
Según Darwin, el lloro emocional fue considerado un resultado fortuito a la luz de la evolución; sin propósito alguno, y debía ser visto como una consecuencia secundaria a fenómenos más importantes. Aunque es el comportamiento más dramático por el cual las emociones emergen en el rostro, muy poco es lo que se sabe desde la neurociencia. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo demostrar que la idea de Darwin está lejos de ser cierta, y que el lloro emocional parece jugar un papel esencial en el desarrollo de las relaciones sociales, siendo un factor de influencia en la percepción de sinceridad. Estudios previos han encontrado una influencia en la inhibición de la agresión, y que favorece la …
Qualitative differences in the exploration of upright and upside-down faces in four-month-old infants : An eye-movement study
2006
The goal of this study was to test if apprentice readers (6-7 to 7-8 years old) and beginner readers (8-9 to 10-11 years old) perceive syllabic units in written words. The paradigm of illusory conjunctions was used because it can determine the infra-lexical units identified at the first steps of the written stimuli process. Two experiments were conducted on children from the first (6-7 years old) to the last years (10-11 years old) of the learning-to-read process. Results have shown that children perceive syllables in letter sequences as soon as the end of the first year of the learning-to-read process. The perception of these units is the result of two information sources: the syllabic pho…