Search results for "geeni"

Biotic homogenization of forest bird communities under human influence

2018

Human actions impact biodiversity worldwide. Specialist species are particularly sensitive to environmental degradation whereas generalists may even benefit from habitat changes. As a consequence, specialists are declining while generalists are increasing and, therefore, communities become more similar. This phenomenon is known as biotic homogenization. In boreal forests logging and forest management is the most important factor changing the native habitat. In this thesis I studied if human actions are homogenizing boreal forest bird communities. I further studied if protected areas can maintain their diversity and, thus, prevent homogenization. Through the individual studies, biodiversity …

Muscle function in monozygotic female twin pairs discordant for hormone replacement therapy

2011

Introduction: Postmenopausal monozygotic twin pairs discordant for hormone replacement therapy (HRT) provide an advantageous study design controlling for genetic background for elucidating the relationships between aging, sex hormone levels, muscle strength, contractile capacity, and fatigability. Methods: Thirteen postmenopausal monozygotic twin pairs discordant for HRT were measured for maximal voluntary torque (MVC) and twitch characteristics using electrical stimulation before and after intermittent dynamic plantarflexor exercise until exhaustion. Results: Peak twitch torque was 32% higher in HRT users than in their non-HRT, genetically identical sisters (P = 0.002), but MVC did not dif…

Estradiol deficiency and skeletal muscle apoptosis: Possible contribution of microRNAs.

2020

Background Menopause leads to estradiol (E2) deficiency that is associated with decreases in muscle mass and strength. Here we studied the effect of E2 deficiency on miR-signaling that targets apoptotic pathways. Methods C57BL6 mice were divided into control (normal estrous cycle, n = 8), OVX (E2 deficiency, n = 7) and OVX + E2 groups (E2-pellet, n = 4). Six weeks following the OVX surgery, mice were sacrificed and RNA isolated from gastrocnemius muscles. miR-profiles were studied with Next-generation sequencing (NGS) and candidate miRs verified using qPCR. The target proteins of the miRs were found using in silico analysis and measured at mRNA (qPCR) and protein levels (Western blot). Resu…

Aging of the musculoskeletal system: How the loss of estrogen impacts muscle strength.

2019

Skeletal muscle weakness occurs with aging and in females this is compounded by the loss of estrogen with ovarian failure. Estrogen deficiency mediates decrements in muscle strength from both inadequate preservation of skeletal muscle mass and decrements in the quality of the remaining skeletal muscle. Processes and components of skeletal muscle that are affected by estrogens are beginning to be identified. This review focuses on mechanisms that contribute to the loss of muscle force generation when estrogen is low in females, and conversely the maintenance of strength by estrogen. Evidence is accumulating that estrogen deficiency induces apoptosis in skeletal muscle contributing to loss of…

Design and protocol of Estrogenic Regulation of Muscle Apoptosis (ERMA) study with 47 to 55-year-old women's cohort : novel results show menopause-re…

2018

Objective: The multidisciplinary Estrogenic Regulation of Muscle Apoptosis (ERMA) study was designed to reveal how hormonal differences over the menopausal stages affect the physiological and psychological functioning of middle-aged women. This paper describes the protocol and nonrespondent analysis of ERMA and novel findings on menopausal differences in blood count variables and their association with female sex hormones. Methods: Women aged 47 to 55 years were assigned to pre, early peri, late peri, and postmenopausal groups based on follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and bleeding diary. Multivariate linear regression models were constructed to estimate the association of 17b-estradiol (E…

Estrogen regulates muscle bioenergetic signaling

2018

Small molecule modulators of amine oxidation, nuclear receptor signaling and glucuronidation : 3-phenylcoumarin as a scaffold of interest

2018

The costs of the drug development process are moderated as computer-aided drug design methods are able to expedite the steps required for lead identification. In fact, computational tools are nowadays virtually indispensable from target identification and validation to preclinical tests due to exponential growth of available information regarding both potential targets and small molecules. One such small molecule with growing number of variations is coumarin. Coumarin scaffold and its various derivatives continue to interest researchers for their vast application potential. Since naturally occurring coumarins are known for example for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, thos…

Extracellular vesicles and high‐density lipoproteins: Exercise and oestrogen‐responsive small RNA carriers

2023

Decreased systemic oestrogen levels (i.e., menopause) affect metabolic health. However, the detailed mechanisms underlying this process remain unclear. Both oestrogens and exercise have been shown to improve metabolic health, which may be partly mediated by circulating microRNA (c-miR) signalling. In recent years, extracellular vesicles (EV) have increased interest in the field of tissue crosstalk. However, in many studies on EV-carried miRs, the co-isolation of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles with EVs has not been considered, potentially affecting the results. Here, we demonstrate that EV and HDL particles have distinct small RNA (sRNA) content, including both host and nonhost sRN…

Data from Estrogenic Regulation of Muscle Apoptosis (ERMA) study

2022

The multidisciplinary Estrogenic Regulation of Muscle Apoptosis (ERMA) study was designed to reveal how hormonal differences over the menopausal stages affect the physiological and psychological functioning of middle-aged women. In addition, health behaviour (e.g., physical activity and eating behaviour) and blood-based biomarkers are investigated. Biomarker data includes different omics datasets (e.g. metabolomics, genomics, transcriptomics). The complete data set includes baseline data collection and two different follow-ups. The baseline ERMA study (=parent data) is a population-based cohort study, which forms a parent data set for the follow-up studies (ERMA follow-up and EsmiRs). Data …

Iän ja hormonikorvaushoidon yhteys tulehdustekijöihin sekä kehon koostumukseen postmenopausaalisilla naisilla

2010

Vahvat ja hyvinvoivat lihakset ovat yksi tärkeimmistä ihmisen terveyttä ja hyvää elämänlaatua ylläpitävistä tekijöistä. Ihmisen ikääntyessä lihasproteiinien hajotus tehostuu johtaen lihassäikeiden pienenemiseen ja niiden määrän vähenemiseen. Tämä puolestaan johtaa lihasten massan, voiman ja toimintakyvyn heikkenemiseen. Kroonisen matalaintensiteettisen tulehduksen uskotaan olevan merkittävimpiä lihasproteiinien hajotusta lisääviä tekijöitä. Matalaintensiteettinen tulehdus on usein yhteydessä korkeaan ikään ja se ilmenee seerumin kohonneina sytokiinitasoina. Sytokiinien lisääntymiseen vaikuttavat muun muassa immuunijärjestelmän heikentyminen, oksidatiivinen stressi ja rasvakudoksen lisääntym…