Search results for "geenit"

Intracellular delivery of baculovirus and streptavidin-based vectors in vitro : towards novel therapeutic applications

2008

Geeniterapia on kokeellinen lääketieteellinen hoitomuoto, jonka pyrkimyksenä on korvata solujen perintöaineksen puuttuva tai vaurioitunut geeni ja sen tuote. Toistaiseksi geeniterapian kliiniset kokeet ovat kohdistuneet pääasiassa syövän, sydän- ja verisuonisairauksien ja yksittäisten geenivirheiden aiheuttamien sairauksien hoitoon.Geenien kuljettamiseen soluihin, kudoksiin tai elimiin käytetään joko synteettisiä tai virusperäisiä kuljettimia. Kuljettimien kehittämisessä kuhunkin tautimalliin sopivaksi on kuitenkin vielä monia haasteita, kuten syntyvät immuniteettireaktiot sekä hoitogeenin ilmentymisen riittävä tehokkuus kohdekudoksessa. Johanna Laakkonen seurasi väitöstutkimuksessaan lupaa…

Photosensitive Alternative Splicing of the Circadian Clock Gene timeless Is Population Specific in a Cold-Adapted Fly, Drosophila montana

2018

Realistic genetic architecture enables organismal adaptation as predicted under the folk definition of inclusive fitness

2021

A fundamental task of evolutionary biology is to explain the pervasive impression of organismal design in nature, including traits benefiting kin. Inclusive fitness is considered by many to be a crucial piece in this puzzle, despite ongoing discussion about its scope and limitations. Here we use individual‐based simulations to study what quantity (if any) individual organisms become adapted to maximise when genetic architectures are more or less suitable for the presumed main driver of biological adaptation: namely, cumulative multi‐locus evolution. As an expository device we focus on a hypothetical situation called Charlesworth’s paradox, in which altruism is seemingly predicted to evolve,…

Internalization of novel non-viral vector TAT-streptavidin into human cells

2007

Background. The cell-penetrating peptide derived from the Human immunodeficiency virus-1 transactivator protein Tat possesses the capacity to promote the effective uptake of various cargo molecules across the plasma membrane in vitro and in vivo. The objective of this study was to characterize the uptake and delivery mechanisms of a novel streptavidin fusion construct, TAT47–57-streptavidin (TAT-SA, 60 kD). SA represents a potentially useful TAT-fusion partner due to its ability to perform as a versatile intracellular delivery vector for a wide array of biotinylated molecules or cargoes. Results. By confocal and immunoelectron microscopy the majority of internalized TAT-SA was shown to accu…

Comparative transcriptomics of albino and warningly‐coloured caterpillars

2021

Abstract Coloration is perhaps one of the most prominent adaptations for survival and reproduction of many taxa. Coloration is of particular importance for aposematic species, which rely on their coloring and patterning acting as a warning signal to deter predators. Most research has focused on the evolution of warning coloration by natural selection. However, little information is available for color mutants of aposematic species, particularly at the genomic level. Here, I compare the transcriptomes of albino mutant caterpillars of the aposematic wood tiger moth (Arctia plantaginis) to those of their full sibs having their distinctive orange‐black warning coloration. The results showed >29…

Tumor-independent Detection of Inherited Mismatch Repair Deficiency for the Diagnosis of Lynch Syndrome with High Specificity and Sensitivity

2023

Lynch syndrome (LS) is the most common hereditary cancer syndrome. Early diagnosis improves prognosis and reduces health care costs, through existing cancer surveillance methods. The problem is finding and diagnosing the cancer predisposing genetic condition. The current workup involves a complex array of tests that combines family cancer history and clinical phenotypes with tumor characteristics and sequencing data, followed by a challenging task to interpret the found variant(s). On the basis of the knowledge that an inherited mismatch repair (MMR) deficiency is a hallmark of LS, we have developed and validated a functional MMR test, DiagMMR, that detects inherited MMR deficiency directly…

Development of baculovirus display strategies towards targeting to tumor vasculature

2006

Matilaisen väitöstutkimuksen tavoitteena oli kehittää bakulovirusta käytettäväksi geeniterapiaan syövän hoitoon. Bakulovirus on hyönteisvirus ja siten turvallisempi vaihtoehto kokeellisessa geeniterapiassa tällä hetkellä käytettäville patogeenisille viruksille tai niiden muunnelmille.Matilainen tutki myös virusten ja käytettyjen kohdennuspeptidien sisääntulomekanismeja ihmisen syöpäsoluihin. Tutkimuksessa löydettiin mahdollisesti bakuloviruksen uusi vaihtoehtoinen sisääntuloreitti. Virusten ja kohdennusmolekyylien reseptoreiden sisääntulomekanismien tutkimus ja tunteminen on edellytyksenä onnistuneiden geeninsiirtojen aikaansaamiselle ja täten myös onnistuneelle geeniterapialle.Matilainen k…

Comparison of migratory and resident populations of brown trout reveals candidate genes for migration tendency

2018

Candidate genes associated with migration have been identified in multiple taxa: including salmonids, many of whom perform migrations requiring a series of physiological changes associated with the freshwater–saltwater transition. We screened over 5,500 SNPs for signatures of selection related to migratory behavior of brown trout Salmo trutta by focusing on ten differentially migrating freshwater populations from two watersheds (the Koutajoki and the Oulujoki). We found eight outlier SNPs potentially associated with migratory versus resident life history using multiple (≥3) outlier detection approaches. Comparison of three migratory versus resident population pairs in the Koutajoki watershe…

Rye doubled haploids : production and use in mapping studies

2009

Teija Tenhola-Roininen kehitti väitöskirjatyössään rukiin jalostusta helpottavia työkaluja rukiin laadun parantamiseksi ja suomalaisiin olosuhteisiin sopeutuneiden uusien ruislajikkeiden kehittämiseksi. Näiden työkalujen, ns. DNA-merkkien avulla voidaan valita lyhytkortisia ja korkean sakoluvun omaavia eli tähkäidännänkestäviä rukiita jalostusaineistosta.Rukiinviljely on vähentynyt Suomessa erityisesti huonojen satojen ja alentuneiden EU-tukien myötä. Tästä syystä yli puolet rukiista tuodaan ulkomailta. Suurin osa suomalaisessa ruisleivässä käytettävästä ruisjauhosta on siis ulkomaista alkuperää.Viljelijöille ruis on riskialtis vilja, koska sen laatu riippuu sääolosuhteista. Syksyllä kylvet…

Pathogenic mechanisms of how human parvovirus breaks self-tolerance

2017

It is known that viral infections can cause acute, chronic, and autoimmune diseases (ADs). However, the mechanism of how a persistent viral infection contributes to ADs remains still unclear. In this thesis, pathological and immunological aspects of how common viruses can initiate autoimmunity were investigated, and human parvovirus B19 (B19V) was employed as a model virus. B19V non-structural protein 1 (NS1), a superfamily 3 (SF3) helicase, initiated DNA damage resulting in cellular apoptosis. The apoptotic bodies (ApoBods) induced by B19V NS1 were purified and characterized. These ApoBods contained viral NS1 proteins with modified autoimmune-associated self-antigens, e.g. DNA, Smith, Apol…