Search results for "genotyyppi"

Host’s genetic background determines the outcome of reciprocal faecal transplantation on life-history traits and microbiome composition

2022

Abstract Background Microbes play a role in their host's fundamental ecological, chemical, and physiological processes. Host life-history traits from defence to growth are therefore determined not only by the abiotic environment and genotype but also by microbiota composition. However, the relative importance and interactive effects of these factors may vary between organisms. Such connections remain particularly elusive in Lepidoptera, which have been argued to lack a permanent microbiome and have microbiota primarily determined by their diet and environment. We tested the microbiome specificity and its influence on life-history traits of two colour genotypes of the wood tiger moth (Arctia…

Within-host interactions shape virulence-related traits of trematode genotypes

2019

Within‐host interactions between co‐infecting parasites can significantly influence the evolution of key parasite traits, such as virulence (pathogenicity of infection). The type of interaction is expected to predict the direction of selection, with antagonistic interactions favouring more virulent genotypes and synergistic interactions less virulent genotypes. Recently, it has been suggested that virulence can further be affected by the genetic identity of co‐infecting partners (G × G interactions), complicating predictions on disease dynamics. Here, we used a natural host–parasite system including a fish host and a trematode parasite to study the effects of G × G interactions on infection…

The oxidative capacity of skeletal muscle : effects of genotype, high-fat diet and physical activity

2016

Effects of environment and genotype on dispersal differ across departure, transfer and settlement in a butterfly metapopulation

2022

Active dispersal is driven by extrinsic and intrinsic factors at the three stages of departure, transfer and settlement. Most empirical studies capture only one stage of this complex process, and knowledge of how much can be generalized from one stage to another remains unknown. Here we use genetic assignment tests to reconstruct dispersal across 5 years and 232 habitat patches of a Glanville fritillary butterfly ( Melitaea cinxia ) metapopulation. We link individual dispersal events to weather, landscape structure, size and quality of habitat patches, and individual genotype to identify the factors that influence the three stages of dispersal and post-settlement survival. We found that ne…

A New Species of the Genus Crenubiotus (Tardigrada: Eutardigrada: Adorybiotidae) from Salt Spring Island, Strait of Georgia, British Columbia (Canada)

2022

Currently, the recently erected genus Crenubiotus (Adorybiotidae, Macrobiotoidea) includes only three species, all of which are characterised by dentate lunulae and cuticular tubercules organised in the band in the dorso-caudal part of the body. By means of integrative taxonomy, we describe a fourth species of the genus: Crenubiotus salishani sp. nov., from Salt Spring Island in British Columbia, Canada. The new species has been found in the moss growing on rock and differs from the other species in the genus due to the presence of a median anterior mucrone in the third band of the oral cavity armature (OCA) and by the presence of evident thickenings on the eggshell connecting the neighbour…

Susceptibility to infection with Borrelia afzelii and TLR2 polymorphism in a wild reservoir host

2019

AbstractThe study of polymorphic immune genes in host populations is critical for understanding genetic variation in susceptibility to pathogens. Controlled infection experiments are necessary to separate variation in the probability of exposure from genetic variation in susceptibility to infection, but such experiments are rare for wild vertebrate reservoir hosts and their zoonotic pathogens. The bank vole (Myodes glareolus) is an important reservoir host of Borrelia afzelii, a tick-borne spirochete that causes Lyme disease. Bank vole populations are polymorphic for Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), an innate immune receptor that recognizes bacterial lipoproteins. To test whether the TLR2 polym…

Evolutionary ecology of complex life cycle parasites : from genotypes to species assemblages

2012

Exploring evolutionary responses to increasing temperature in an environmental opportunistic pathogen

2017

Appearance before performance? : Nutritional constraints on life‐history traits, but not warning signal expression in aposematic moths

2020

1.Trade‐offs have been shown to play an important role in the divergence of mating strategies and sexual ornamentation, but their importance in explaining warning signal diversity has received less attention. In aposematic organisms, allocation costs of producing the conspicuous warning signal pigmentation under nutritional stress could potentially trade‐off with life‐history traits and maintain variation in warning colouration. 2. We studied this with an aposematic herbivore Arctia plantaginis (Arctiidae), whose larvae and adults show extensive variation in aposematic colouration. In larvae, less melanic colouration (i.e. larger orange patterns) produces a more efficient warning signal aga…

Genetic diversity of a clonal earthworm : gene expression variation and impacts on decomposition in metal contaminated soil

2016

Biodiversity affects ecosystem functioning positively. Metal-contamination diminishes species diversity and ecosystem function depends on the remaining species, and the genotypes within them. I studied how the clonally reproducing earthworm Dendrobaena octaedra responds to soil metal contamination and how its genetic diversity affects decomposition. Expression of the gene for the metal tolerance protein metallothionein was compared between populations with or without metal exposure history: with exposure history expression was high and stable and without there was a slow response. Adaptation to metal contamination likely explains the differences. Clonality of D. octaedra was verified with m…