Search results for "germany"
showing 10 items of 1172 documents
Mortal threat: Latvian Jews at the dawn of Nazi occupation
2018
In late June 1941, Nazi Germany stormed the borders of the Soviet Union, occupying the three Baltic republics within weeks. By the end of 1941, a significant proportion of the Jewish population had been murdered by German forces and local collaborators. In the days before full Nazi occupation of the territory, Latvia's Jews confronted the question of whether to flee into the Russian interior or stay in their communities. History shows that this would be a critical choice. Testimonies and memoirs of Jewish survivors illuminate the competing motivations to leave or to remain. This article highlights the key factors that figured into these calculations and the interaction between individual ag…
On Forced Migrations: Transnational Realities and National Narratives in Post-1945 (West) Germany
2014
This article examines tensions between the transnational realities of the extensive forced migrations that accompanied the end of the Second World War in Europe and the nationally focused public portrayals of those forced migrations that have prevailed in individual European countries since the war. The article does so through a case study of West Germany, which became home to some eight million forced migrants defined as ethnic Germans. It argues that a nationally oriented, highly selective public narrative of the forced migrations soon emerged in the Federal Republic, a narrative that stressed German suffering, relativized German crimes, and, crucially, elided differences among the forced…
Fuel for commercial politics: the nucleus of early commercial proliferation of atomic energy in three acts
2020
Historical research into the nuclear industry has focussed upon military and commercial aspects of the technology whilst ignoring fuel. This article discusses nuclear fuel, the resource at the centre of the industry and the role superpower politics played in its supply. Starting with the context of superpower competition, we examine the spread of nuclear technology from its beginnings in post-war Britain via West Germany in the 1950s to Finland in the 1960s and 1970s. We demonstrate that each country had varied interests affecting the choice of nuclear fuel for early energy projects; British fuel choices were constrained by its weapons programme and Germany needed legitimacy in the face of …
Once again : testing for regional homogeneity
1987
. Summarizing the foregoing discussions in this journal on testing for regional homogeneity the present note shows that in the model of Zellner's seemingly unrelated regressions one test statistic may be used not only to test for overall homogeneity but also to examine for individual coefficient homogeneity. This aim is achieved by varying the linear restrictions in the test statistic according to different problems. To illustrate these tests regional consumption functions for the 11 Bundeslader (States) of the Federal Republic of Germany are used.
COVID-Guide: An app for Covid-19 triage and self-assessment
2021
Introduction. The unprecedented covid-19 pandemic has shown the weaknesses of health systems and opened new spaces for e-health and telemedicine. Recent literature states that chatbots, if implemented effectively, could be useful tools for quickly sharing information, promoting healthy behaviors, and helping reduce the psychological burden of isolation. The aim of this project is to develop and test a secure and reliable computerized decision support system (CDSS) in web-app and evaluate its use, usability and its outputs in a pre-specified way. Methods. A multidisciplinary team was recruited to plan and design, based on the SMASS medical CDSS, the scenarios of the COVID-Guide web-app, a se…
The Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders (PRIME-MD), German version: a comparison with the CIDI
2000
There is a need for the development and evaluation of diagnostic instruments suitable for daily use in primary care offices that can improve recognition rates of psychopathology. The objective of this study is the comparison of the German version of the Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders (PRIME-MD), a short structured diagnostic instrument, with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) and to gather some information on the usefulness of the PRIME-MD. Seven hundred and four patients were assessed three times, once using the physician's clinical judgement, subsequently, administering the PRIME-MD, DSM-IV version and finally, with the CIDI. The CIDI was administered on …
Syria from afar : how journalists in Finland and Germany cover the first YouTube war
2015
Miten uutisoida kaukaista sotaa, johon on vaikea ellei mahdoton päästä paikan päälle? Miten kertoa sodasta, jonka pääasialliset tietolähteet ovat sodan eri osapuolten media-aktivistit, hallitusta tukevat viestimet ja islamistitaistelijat, jotka kaikki rummuttavat omaa versiotaan tapahtumista? Ja ennen kaikkea: miten niiden esittämät väitteet, jotka usein vielä tulevat sosiaalisen median välityksellä, voi tarkistaa? Nämä ovat kysymyksiä, jotka ovat tämän tutkielman ytimessä ja myös sen lähtökohta. Syyrian sota on ulkomaantoimittajille valtava haaste. Olin itse 13 vuotta ulkomaantoimittajana Helsingin Sanomissa, ja painin usein sen kanssa, miten voin kertoa Syyrian tapahtumista mahdollisimman…
Israel State, Genocide and Thana-Capitalism
2019
The term “genocide” was originally coined by Lemkin just after the horrendous crimes committed against innocent civilians in Nazi Germany. At that moment, the SS officials disposed of a systemic rationalized system of death which was oriented to domesticate and eradicate the “inferior” or the undesired “Other”. The concentration camps were space of torture, violence, death and mourning that marked the state of Israel forever. Today things have changed a lot, and the state of Israel is accused of violating the human rights in Palestine. While we review the discussion of senior lecturers such as Slavoj Žižek, Richard Bernstein, Norman Finkelstein and Yakov Rabkin, we reconstruct the philosoph…
“Default” versus “pre-atopic” IgG responses to foodborne and airborne pathogenesis-related group 10 protein molecules in birch-sensitized and nonatop…
2014
Background The route and dose of exposure are believed to be relevant factors in the sensitization process. Pathogenesis-related group 10 protein (PR-10) molecules are a family of allergenic proteins shared by many pollens (eg, birch and alder) and foods (eg, apple, peach, and soy). Children are exposed to both pollen-derived (inhaled) and food-derived (ingested) PR-10 molecules. Objective We sought to investigate the role of route and dose of exposure in the evolution of IgG and IgE responses to recombinant PR-10 molecules. Methods The German Multicentre Allergy Study examined a birth cohort born in 1990. Blood samples were collected at the ages of 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 10, and 13 years. Parti…
Occurrence of fumonisins in organic and conventional cereal-based products commercialized in France, Germany and Spain
2013
A fast and effective method for quantitative determination of fumonisins B1 and B2 (FB1 and FB2) in different cereal-based products was developed. Fumonisins were extracted combining a solid liquid extraction (SLE) pre-treatment and immunoaffinity columns (IACs), which were applied for an effective clean-up. Consecutively, high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled to hybrid triple quadrupole-linear ion trap mass spectrometer (QTrap®) was used for the separation, detection and quantification of targeted mycotoxins. The analytical method showed acceptable recoveries ranged from 89.7% to 99.1%, as well as a relative standard deviation (%, RSD) lower than 12%. A total of 1250 samples f…