Search results for "gestalt"

When Geometry Constrains Vision: Systematic Misperceptions within Geometrical Configurations.

2016

International audience; How accurate are we in reproducing a point within a simple shape? This is the empirical question we addressed in this work. Participants were presented with a tiny disk embedded in an empty circle (Experiment 1 and 3) or in a square (Experiment 2). Shortly afterwards the disk vanished and they had to reproduce the previously seen disk position within the empty shape by means of the mouse cursor, as accurately as possible. Several loci inside each shape were tested. We found that the space delimited by a circle and by a square is not homogeneous and the observed distortion appears to be consistent across observers and specific for the two tested shapes. However, a com…

Gentrifizierung in periurbanen Räumen Frankreichs: Am Beispiel des Umlandes von Nancy

2019

International audience; Gentrifizierungsprozesse in periurbanen Räumen Frankreichs fanden in der Forschung bisher kaum Beachtung; sie wurden als naheliegende Prozesse in Kernstädten verstanden und untersucht. Zudem wurde eher die Krise der Vorstädte, der banlieues beachtet, womit Stigmatisierung und Ausgrenzung analyseleitend wurden. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird nun hingegen am Beispiel des Umlandes der Metropole Nancy (Region Grand Est) Gentrifizierung als Entwicklung herausgestellt, die sich ebenfalls als konstitutiv für periurbane Räume und damit kleinere Umlandgemeinden von Städten bzw. insbesondere Metropolen andeutet. Vor dem Hintergrund einer Beleuchtung bisheriger Forschungszugänge …

Actuality of Art Education at the Beginning of XX Century in East Europe. Graphic Constructions Through Gestaltung and Formenlehre in Figurative Crea…

2018

The great innovations in the field of the elaboration of forms and figures in the last century have often sometimes accompanied the amazement and optimism of the discovery, a methodological uncertainty shared with other fields of Knowledge. It is undeniable that the advent of information technology and representation—together with the socio-economic changes that have taken place—has laid the foundations for an irreversible ontological leap in the process of form processing, and yet very often there are references historians that can somehow inspire current theories and practices. In this sense, some interpretations considered to be classical, from Valery to Benjamin, from Arnheim to Waburg,…

The Self-Presentation of a Discipline: History of Psychology in the United States between Pedagogy and Scholarship

1983

Criticism of scholarship in the history of psychology from historians and philosophers of science is certainly not new. In 1966, for example, Robert M. Young characterized the field as “an avocation with very uneven standards”, limited primarily to biographies of great psychologists, extended reviews of the literature and the uncritical chronicling of the rise of scientific psychology, based on a narrowly preconceived model of scientific development (1). Recent criticism has renewed all of these charges, particularly the last. Walter Weimer, a psychologist interested in the philosophy of science, accuses the writers of historical textbooks of ‘crypto-justificationism’, of describing the ‘ev…

Motion in Experience. Philosophical and Psychological Perspectives

2020

Under the title Motion in Experience, the phenomenon of movement is discussed as a trait of experience in a wide range of interpretations. Moving and being moved come into play not only as physical phenomena, but also as inner developmental movements. The aim of this issue is to foster a common and interdisciplinary reflection on the phenomenon of movement as a decisive moment of experience.

Espressione ed emozione nel ritratto fotografico

2010

A tool to observe the phenomenology and aesthetics of primary relationships: the “dance steps” of reciprocity between caregivers and infant/child – P…

2023

This study addresses the complexity of caregiver-infant/child interactions from the theoretical frame of Gestalt psychotherapy and the field of application of Pediatric Psychology. Based on a previous empirical study on the process of reciprocity in caregiver-infant/child interactions (Spagnuolo Lobb, 2016), the authors have worked on the construction of an observational tool to look at the co-creation of meaningful experiences, switching the focus from the child to the “dance” of reciprocity between caregiver and infant/child. Considering the contextualization in the field of Pediatric Psychology, this pilot study aimed to test the tool’s application with caregiverpreterm infant dyads, but…

A Fuzzy Approach to the Role of Symmetry in Shape Formation: The Illusion of the Scalene Triangle

2009

The main purposes of this work are to demonstrate the role of directional symmetry as a second order principle that polarizes the perception of the shape and to show how this preference can be easily encoded in an algorithm using a fuzzy operator for symmetry detection. The role of grouping in influencing shape perception and the role of directional symmetry was demonstrated through small triangles that create a large triangle. The specific questions answered in the psychophysical experiments were the following: Can the grouping by similarity influence both the pointing and the shape of the small and the large isosceles triangles? Conversely, can the shape of the large triangle influence th…

Neurobiologie und System-Theorie eines visuellen Muster-Erkennungsmechanismus bei Kröten

1973

Quantitative behavioral experiments have shown that the toad uses mainly two types of gestalt information in prey/enemy discrimination: pattern extension in the direction of movement promotes, in general, the signal value prey, while extension perpendicular to the direction of movement promotes that of enemy. Registrations from single fibers and single cells at different stages on the visual path showed that the object extension perpendicular to the direction of movement is chiefly analysed by means of the retinal and thalamus pretectal nerve nets, whereas the extension in the direction of movement is analysed mostly by certain tectal nerve nets. Further neurobiological findings indicated t…

Lectura versus contemplación. Los límites visuales del texto

2009

El artículo ofrece una reflexión comparativa e interdisciplinar en torno a los problemas perceptivos y estéticos que plantean tanto el texto ilustrado como el texto en cuanto ilustración, profundizando, a través de ejemplos, en el carácter controvertido de diversas representaciones textuales que han intentado dar salida a la incapacidad humana para la percepción simultánea de dos estímulos provenientes del mismo campo sensorial. Por otro lado, se ofrece un breve repaso histórico del surgimiento de la perspectiva en las artes, complementado con ejemplos ilustrativos del relativismo en la percepción humana. En resumen, se ofrece un estudio multidisciplinar de los problemas estéticos, cognitiv…