Search results for "gingiva"
showing 10 items of 251 documents
Altered passive eruption (APE) : a little-known clinical situation
2010
Gummy smile constitutes a relatively frequent aesthetic alteration characterized by excessive exhibition of the gums during smiling movements of the upper lip. It is the result of an inadequate relation between the lower edge of the upper lip, the positioning of the anterosuperior teeth, the location of the upper jaw, and the gingival margin position with respect to the dental crown. Altered Passive Eruption (APE) is a clinical situation produced by excessive gum overlapping over the enamel limits, resulting in a short clinical crown appearance, that gives the sensation of hidden teeth. The term itself suggests the causal mechanism, i.e., failure in the passive phase of dental eruption, tho…
Management of a crown-root fracture : a novel technique with interdisciplinary approach
2018
Anterior teeth with subgingival fractures require a complex treatment plan that addresses biologic, functional and aesthetic factors. This case report describes the management of a crown-root fractured maxillary left central incisor. An interdisciplinary approach was used to restore the tooth due to the complex nature of the treatment. Orthodontic extrusion was performed to move the fracture line above the alveolar bone and periodontal surgery to recontour the altered gingival margin. Finally, the incisor was restored performing a root canal retreatment with a fiber post and a full ceramic crown. The treatment resulted in secured periodontal health and good aesthetics. Key words:Crown-root …
Classification of Gingival Recession
2018
Gingival recession is a common finding in many patients and is clinically manifested by an apical displacement of the gingival margin in relation to the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ). Various classification systems have been proposed to classify gingival recession defects and to predict final root coverage outcomes. Among them, the Miller classification is still the most commonly used among dental practitioners and researchers. This chapter reviews the different classification systems available for gingival recession defects and explores the strengths and limitations of them.
Lip repositioning technique. A simple surgical procedure to improve the smile harmony
2018
Excessive gingival display is an esthetic concern for patients. It is a condition in which an overexposure of the maxillary gingiva (>3mm) is present during smiling. There are different etiologies of a gummy smile, such as vertical maxillary excess, short and hyperactive upper lip, altered passive eruption, anterior dentoalveolar extrusion, or a combination of these causes. The correct diagnosis of all etiologic factors is imperative for its appropriate management. Many techniques have been used to restore the dentogingival relation for the management of gummy smile. Lip repositioning is a conservative surgical technique used to treat excess gingival display. It is a largely unknown treatme…
Definition of Gingival Recession and Anatomical Considerations
2018
The gingiva is an integral part of the periodontium that covers the cervical portions of the teeth and the alveolar processes of the jaws. In health, the closely adapted gingival tissues provide effective protection against mechanical trauma and bacterial invasion and also play a critical role in aesthetics. Therefore, a recession of the gingival margin not only affects the aesthetic appearance but may cause several adverse consequences due to exposure of the root surface. This chapter provides a definition of gingival recession and gives a basic overview of the anatomical characteristics of the gingiva. A basic understanding of the macroscopic and microscopic features of healthy gingiva is…
Effect of diode laser irradiation on the survival rate of gingival fibroblast cell cultures
2001
Background and Objective The present study is part of a basic research program investigating the cellular effects of the GaAlAs-diode laser with a wavelength of 810 nm on human periodontal tissues. The aim of the investigation was to evaluate the effects of the laser treatment on the survival rate of human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) in monolayer cell culture at different power settings and durations. Study Design/Materials and Methods HGF were obtained from a human gingival connective tissue explant. Cells were cultured on 24-well tissue culture plates. One hundred and thirty multi well cell cultures were laser treated. The variable parameters were power output (0.5–2.5 W) and exposure time…
Morphea “en coup de sabre”: an unusual oral presentation
2017
Morphea, or localized scleroderma, is an inflammatory disease that leads to sclerosis of the skin and underlying tissues due to excessive collagen deposition. Oral involvement is unusual and it may produce white linear fibrotic areas with a scar-like appearance, atrophy of tongue papillae, gingival recession and alveolar bone resorption. We report a case of a 13-year-old girl who consulted for progressive recession on the attached gingiva of her upper left incisors. She also presented a hypopigmented line on the left side skin of her upper lip, which continued through the vermilion and the lip mucosa, including the gingiva of the affected teeth. Clinical examination, blood tests, computeriz…
Low level 809-nm diode laser-induced in vitro stimulation of the proliferation of human gingival fibroblasts
2002
Background and Objective The authors investigated the effects of low level laser irradiation on the proliferation rate of human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) in vitro. Study Design/Materials and Methods HGF were obtained from gingival connective tissue explants and cultured under standard conditions. 110 cell cultures in their logarithmic growth phase were spread on 96-well tissue culture plates and were irradiated at energy fluences of 1.96–7.84 J/cm2. Another 110 cultures served as control. An 809-nm semiconductor laser operated at a power output of 10 mW in the cw-mode was used. The time of exposure varied between 75 and 300 seconds. Laser treatment was performed alternatively once, twice, …
Oral hygiene and periodontal health status among khat chewers. A case-control study
2016
Background Habitual khat chewing is a widespread male habit in Southern Arabia and East Africa. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of Khat chewing on oral hygiene and periodontal health status among Yemeni male khat chewers. Material and Methods This case- control study included 310 khat chewers, aged 20-65 years, and 72 age- and gender- matched non-chewers as controls. Periodontal examination included recording of dental plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing pocket depth (PPD), attachment level (AL) and gingival recession (GR). Demographic data, oral hygiene practices, and duration, frequency and site of khat chewing were obtained using questionnaires. SPSS was used f…
Comparative in vitro study of two methods for gingival biotype assessment
2018
Background The gingival thickness seems to have an important role in different dental treatments. There are different methods of quantifying this thickness, but it is not known which of them can be the most effective. The objective to assess the accuracy of two different methods for gingival thickness measurement: the transgingival needle probing (TGNP) and the tension-free caliper (TFC) in an in vitro model, by comparing them with direct physical measurements (reference standard). Material and methods Gingival thickness (GT) was evaluated in 27 female pigs with four implant sites 1, 2 and 3mm from the gingival margin with three different methods: 1) transgingival needle probing 2) tension-…