Search results for "glare"

Genetic diversity in the wild : cyclic population dynamics and population isolation

2013

Secondhand horror: effects of direct and indirect predator cues on behavior and reproduction of the bank vole

2019

Risk recognition by prey is of paramount importance within the evolutionary arms race between predator and prey. Prey species are able to detect direct predator cues like odors and adjust their behavior appropriately. The question arises whether an indirect predation cue, such as the odor of scared individuals, can be detected by conspecifics and subsequently affects recipient behavior. Parents may also transfer their experience with predators to their offspring. In two experiments, we assessed how direct and indirect predation cues affect bank vole (Myodes glareolus) foraging behavior, reproduction, and pup fitness. Weasel (Mustela nivalis) odor served as the direct cue, whereas the odor o…

Exposure to Chemical Cues from Predator-Exposed Conspecifics Increases Reproduction in a Wild Rodent

2018

Abstract Predation involves more than just predators consuming prey. Indirect effects, such as fear responses caused by predator presence, can have consequences for prey life history. Laboratory experiments have shown that some rodents can recognize fear in conspecifics via alarm pheromones. Individuals exposed to alarm pheromones can exhibit behavioural alterations that are similar to those displayed by predator-exposed individuals. Yet the ecological and evolutionary significance of alarm pheromones in wild mammals remains unclear. We investigated how alarm pheromones affect the behaviour and fitness of wild bank voles (Myodes glareolus) in outdoor enclosures. Specifically, we compared th…

Ahromatopsijas izpausmju korekcija ar krāsainām kontaktlēcām

2017

MĒRĶIS: Novērtēt filtru kontaktlēcu (KL) pielietojumu ahromatopsijas simptomu korekcijai. METODE: Pētījumā piedalījās 8 dalībnieki (6 sievietes un 2 vīrieši) vecumā no 8 mēnešiem līdz 25 gadiem, periodā no 2012. līdz 2016.gadam. Pēc oftalmoloģiskās pārbaudes un ahromatopsijas noteikšanas, tika veikta speciālās krāsainās KL pielaikošanas procedūra. Pacientu atbildes tika noteiktas ar anketas palīdzību un noteikts apžilbšanas laiks ar un bez piedāvātām KL. SECINĀJUMI: filtru KL samazināja fotofobiju; apžilbšanas laiks kļuvis salīdzināms ar normālā redzes gadījumu; dalībnieki atzinīgi novērtē psiholoģiskos un sociālos ieguvumus ar izrakstītām filtru KL.

Subjective photic phenomena with refractive multifocal and monofocal intraocular lenses. results of a multicenter questionnaire.

2001

Abstract Purpose To compare the incidence and severity of photic phenomena after the implantation of the Array® (Allergan) refractive multifocal intraocular lens (MIOL) and a monofocal IOL. Setting Multicenter study at Kiel, Mainz, Karlsruhe, and Bremerhaven, Germany. Methods The study comprised 231 randomly selected patients from 4 study centers. The patients had had uneventful phacoemulsification with implantation of a refractive MIOL (n = 138) or a monofocal IOL (n = 93). By questionnaire, patients were asked whether they experienced light sensations postoperatively (light streaks, halos, flare, flashes, or glare) that had not been noticed preoperatively. Additional questions evaluated w…

Multifokale Intraokularlinsen

2001

Modern cataract surgery has developed tremendously during the past 10-15 years. Improved surgical techniques, as well as improved implant materials and designs, have enlarged patient profiles and indications for cataract surgery. This also created much higher expectations from the patients' site. The loss of accommodation is loss of quality of life for presbyopic and especially young pseudophakic patients. Therefore cataract surgery with multifocal IOL implantation is not only of academic interest, but reflects demands and expectations of our patients. Multifocal IOLs have been implanted since 1986, starting with 2-3 zone refractive and diffractive designs. Due to surgical techniques of tha…

Frequency-dependent selection and environmental heterogeneity as selective mechanisms in wild populations

2010

Evolutionary conflicts in a small mammal : behavioural, physiological and genetic differences between the sexes

2011

Interactive effects of past and present environments on overwintering success - A reciprocal transplant experiment

2012

Life-history traits are influenced by environmental factors throughout the lifespan of an individual. The relative importance of past versus present environment on individual fitness, therefore, is a relevant question in populations that face the challenge of temporally varying environment. We studied the interacting effects of past and present density on body mass, condition, and survival in enclosure populations of the bank vole (Myodes glareolus) using a reciprocal transplant design. In connection with the cyclic dynamics of natural vole populations, our hypothesis was that individuals born in low-density enclosures would do better overwintering in low-density enclosures than in high-den…

Interactive effects of past and present environments on overwintering success-a reciprocal transplant experiment.

2011

Life-history traits are influenced by environmental factors throughout the lifespan of an individual. The relative importance of past versus present environment on individual fitness, therefore, is a relevant question in populations that face the challenge of temporally varying environment. We studied the interacting effects of past and present density on body mass, condition, and survival in enclosure populations of the bank vole (Myodes glareolus) using a reciprocal transplant design. In connection with the cyclic dynamics of natural vole populations, our hypothesis was that individuals born in low-density enclosures would do better overwintering in low-density enclosures than in high-den…