Search results for "glufosinate"
showing 10 items of 14 documents
Fitness of backcross six of hybrids between transgenic oilseed rape (Brassica napus) and wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum
2002
The process of introgression between a transgenic crop modified for better agronomic characters and a wild relative could lead potentially to increased weediness and adaptation to the environment of the wild species. However, the formation of hybrid and hybrid progeny could be associated with functional imbalance and low fitness, which reduces the risk of gene escape and establishment of the wild species in the field. Our work compares the fitness components of parents and different types of backcross in the sixth generation of hybrids between transgenic oilseed rape (Brassica napus, AACC, 2n = 38) resistant to the herbicide glufosinate and wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum, RrRr, 2n = 18)…
Herbicide glufosinate inhibits yeast growth and extends longevity during wine fermentation.
2017
Glufosinate ammonium (GA) is a widely used herbicide that inhibits glutamine synthetase. This inhibition leads to internal amino acid starvation which, in turn, causes the activation of different nutrient sensing pathways. GA also inhibits the enzyme of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae in such a way that, although it is not used as a fungicide, it may alter yeast performance in industrial processes like winemaking. We describe herein how GA indeed inhibits the yeast growth of a wine strain during the fermentation of grape juice. In turn, GA extends longevity in a variety of growth media. The biochemical analysis indicates that GA partially inhibits the nutrient sensing TORC1 pathway, whic…
Les paradoxes du glufosinate et glyphosate. Comportement dans l'ambroisie à feuilles d'armoise
2006
BEHAVIOUR OF GLUFOSINATE ANDGLYPHOSATE IN COMMONRAGWEED:APPARENT PARADOXAND SURPRISES We examined the foliar epidermis of commonragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) plants and studied the behaviour of the herbicides glufosinate and glyphosate in this species. Both leaf surfaces exhibited 3 types of trichomes, according to their size and shape. Epicuticular waxes appeared amorphous, which may explain high levels of spray retention. Glufosinate and glyphosate were rapidly and almost completely taken up by common ragweed leaves; half maximum uptake was nearly reached after 5 and 3 h, respectively. The longest trichomes were stained with AgN03, indicating the presence of hydrophilic domains, wh…
Effect of Phosphinothricin (Glufosinate) on Photosynthesis and Photorespiration
1990
Phosphinothricin (PPT) causes a rapid inhibition of photosynthesis under atmospheric conditions (400 ppm CO2, 21% O2). However, under conditions (1000 ppm CO2, 2% O2) under which photorespiration cannot occur, there is no or only a very low rate of photosynthesis inhibition by phosphinothricin. Under both conditions, a strong NH4 +-accumulation is apparent caused through the inhibition of glutamine synthetase by phosphinothricin. This indicates, that NH4 +-accumulation cannot be the primary cause for photosynthesis inhibition by phosphinothricin, but a process in connexion with photorespiration plays a central role. Through the lack of amino donors, the transamination of glyoxylate to glyci…
The Effect of Phosphinothricin (Glufosinate) on Photosynthesis II. The Causes of Inhibition of Photosynthesis
1987
It was shown in the previous study that phosphinothricin (glufosinate) causes an accumulation of ammonia and inhibition of photosynthesis. The extent to which there is a connection between these two processes is now investigated in the present study. First of all. the role of NH3 per se in the impairment of photosynthesis was to be clarified. For this purpose, the inhibition of photosynthesis was investigated in relation to exogenously applied ammonia in chloroplasts, protoplasts and entire leaves. The comparison with the experimental results in leaves in which the ammonia was formed endogenously (by action of phosphinothricin) shows that the ammonia toxicity at least cannot be solely resp…
Molecular Composition of Glutamine Synthetase of Sinapis alba L.
1988
Chloroplastic glutamine synthetase of Sinapis alba, purified to homogeneity by a simple three step procedure, revealed a molecular weight of about 395 kDa. The native enzyme is composed of eight subunits of identical molecular weight (about 50 kDa (each), although isoelectrofocusing yielded six distinct bands in the pH 5.6 region of the gel. Labelling of the enzyme with the glutamate analogue herbicide [14C]phosphinothricin and with [γ-32P]ATP indicated that glutamine synthetase has eight reactive centers per molecule. The native enzyme dissociated into two enzymatically active subaggregates of about 195 kDa after Mg2+ deprivation.
Effect of phosphinothricin (glufosinate) on photosynthesis and photorespiration of C3 and C 4 plants.
1990
Phosphinothricin (glufosinate), an irreversible inhibitor of glutamine synthetase, causes an inhibition of photosynthesis in C3 (Sinapis alba) and C4 (Zea mays) plants under atmospheric conditions (400 ppm CO2, 21% O2). This photosynthesis inhibition is proceeding slower in C4 leaves. Under non-photorespiratory conditions (1000 ppm CO2, 2% O2) there is no inhibition of photosynthesis. The inhibition of glutamine synthetase by phosphinothricin results in an accumulation of NH4 (+). The NH4 (+)-accumulation is lower in C4 plants than in C3 plants. The inhibition of glutamine synthetase through phosphinothricin in mustard leaves results in a decrease in glutamine, glutamate, aspartate, asparag…
Comparison of the behaviour of three herbicides in a field experiment under bare soil conditions
2006
Abstract A case-study was design in order to rank three alternative herbicides according to their exposure to surface waters. Herbicide persistence and losses to surface waters were studied in an uncultivated Finnish field (ca. 3500 m2, slope
Herbicidal activity of phosphonic and phosphinic acid analogues of glutamic and aspartic acids
1992
Phosphonic and phosphinic acid analogues of glutamic and aspartic acids were synthesized and screened for herbicidal activity on Lepidium sativum L. Depending on the chemical structure, they exhibited significant or moderate herbicidal activity against L. sativum roots (with some representatives being equipotent with phosphinothricin), while their influence on shoot growth was negligible. Cucumis sativus L. appeared to be more tolerant to these analogues. The origin of this selectivity remains to be determined.
Fate of the herbicides glyphosate, glufosinate-ammonium, phenmedipham, ethofumesate and metamitron in two Finnish arable soils.
2006
The fate of five herbicides (glyphosate, glufosinate-ammonium, phenmedipham, ethofumesate and metamitron) was studied in two Finnish sugar beet fields for 26 months. Soil types were sandy loam and clay. Two different herbicide-tolerant sugar beet cultivars and three different herbicide application schedules were used. Meteorological data were collected throughout the study and soil properties were thoroughly analysed. An extensive data set of herbicide residue concentrations in soil was collected. Five different soil depths were sampled. The study was carried out using common Finnish agricultural practices and represents typical sugar beet cultivation conditions in Finland. The overall obse…