Search results for "glycan"
showing 10 items of 237 documents
Expression profiling of human fetal growth plate cartilage by EST sequencing.
2005
The differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into hypertrophic chondrocytes is an integral and multistep process important in pattern formation, endochondral ossification, and postnatal growth of the skeleton. In recent years, novel genes involved in these processes have been identified, but still only little is known about the large-scale gene expression profile during skeletal development. We initiated an expressed sequence tag (EST) project aiming at the identification of genes and pathways involved in this complex process. Candidate genes are expected to be of value for diagnosis and treatment of monogenic and multigenic heritable disorders of the skeleton. Here, we describe the sequen…
Lactobacillus rossii sp. nov. isolated from wheat sourdough
2005
Screening of sourdough lactic acid bacteria for bacteriocin production resulted in the isolation of a Gram-positive, catalase-negative, non-spore-forming, non-motile rod bacterium (strain CS1T) that could not be associated with any previously described species. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis recognized strain CS1T as a distinct member of the genus Lactobacillus. By a species-specific PCR strategy, five additional strains previously isolated from sourdoughs were found to belong to the same species as strain CS1T, as confirmed by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The closest related species were Lactobacillus durianis, Lactobacillus malefermentans and Lactobacillus suebicus, with …
Dual effect of 1-deoxymannojirimycin on the mannose uptake and on the N-glycan processing of the human colon cancer cell line HT-29.
1990
International audience; 1-Deoxymannojirimycin (dMM), a specific alpha-mannosidase I inhibitor, completely blocks the conversion of Man9-8GlcNAc2 into Man7-5-GlcNAc2 in both differentiated and undifferentiated human adenocarcinoma HT-29 cells. Besides this well known effect on N-glycan trimming, we describe here a novel effect of this inhibitor on the D-[2-3H]mannose uptake that is exclusively observed in differentiated intestinal cells, i.e. cells that display a functional apical brush border membrane. This inhibition of D-[2-3H]mannose uptake was shown to be dose-dependent and reversible. Moreover, using microsomal fractions we showed that this effect depends only on the integrity of the b…
Molecular organization of selected prokaryotic S-layer proteins.
2005
Regular crystalline surface layers (S-layers) are widespread among prokaryotes and probably represent the earliest cell wall structures. S-layer genes have been found in approximately 400 different species of the prokaryotic domains bacteria and archaea. S-layers usually consist of a single (glyco-)protein species with molecular masses ranging from about 40 to 200 kDa that form lattices of oblique, tetragonal, or hexagonal architecture. The primary sequen ces of hyperthermophilic archaeal species exhibit some characteristic signatures. Further adaptations to their specific environments occur by various post-translational modifications, such as linkage of glycans, lipids, phosphate, and sulf…
Isolation and characterization of a 60-70-kD plasma membrane glycoprotein involved in the contact-dependent inhibition of growth
1990
Previous studies have shown that plasma membrane compounds are involved in the contact-dependent inhibition of growth of human diploid fibroblasts. The purification of the active plasma membrane glycoprotein is described in this report. The glycoprotein has an apparent molecular mass of 60-70 kD and, due to differential sialylation, isoelectric points between pH 5.5. and 6.2. Treatment with sialidase yielded one spot in two-dimensional gel electrophoresis with an isoelectric point of 6.3. After removal of the N-glycosidically linked oligosaccharide chains, the apparent molecular mass is reduced by approximately 22 kD. Treatment was diluted NaOH, which removes the O-glycosidically linked por…
Contact-dependent inhibition of growth of normal diploid human fibroblasts by plasma membrane glycoproteins.
1988
Homeostasis in vivo is maintained by a highly complex network of positive and negative signals. At the cellular level, this regulatory microenvironment can be divided, in a simplified fashion, into two major compartments: the humoral compartment, including compounds such as hormones, growth factors and nutrients, and the contact-environment compartment, including cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. At least in cultures of diploid, non-transformed cells, cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions have been shown to be of major importance for the regulation of growth as well as of differentiation. Although until now the glycoprotein involved in the contact-dependent inhibition of growth has n…
Rat mammary-gland transferrin: nucleotide sequence, phylogenetic analysis and glycan structure
1995
The complete cDNA for rat mammary-gland transferrin (Tf) has been sequenced and also the native protein isolated from milk in order to analyse the structure of the main glycan variants present. A lactating-rat mammary-gland cDNA library in lambda gt10 was screened with a partial cDNA copy of rat liver Tf and subsequently rescreened with 5′ fragments of the longest clones. This produced a 2275 bp insert coding for an open reading frame of 695 amino acid residues. This includes a 19-amino acid signal sequence and the mature protein containing 676 amino acids and one N-glycosylation site in the C-terminal domain at residue 490. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out using 14 translated Tf nucle…
Active Site Mapping of Xylan-Deconstructing Enzymes with Arabinoxylan Oligosaccharides Produced by Automated Glycan Assembly
2017
Xylan-degrading enzymes are crucial for the deconstruction of hemicellulosic biomass, making the hydrolysis products available for various industrial applications such as the production of biofuel. To determine the substrate specificities of these enzymes, we prepared a collection of complex xylan oligosaccharides by automated glycan assembly. Seven differentially protected building blocks provided the basis for the modular assembly of 2-substituted, 3-substituted, and 2-/3-substituted arabino- and glucuronoxylan oligosaccharides. Elongation of the xylan backbone relied on iterative additions of C4-fluorenylmethoxylcarbonyl (Fmoc) protected xylose building blocks to a linker-functionalized …
Cohen syndrome is associated with major glycosylation defects
2014
International audience; Cohen syndrome (CS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder with multisytemic clinical features due to mutations in the VPS13B gene, which has recently been described encoding a mandatory membrane protein involved in Golgi integrity. As the Golgi complex is the place where glycosylation of newly synthesized proteins occurs, we hypothesized that VPS13B deficiency, responsible of Golgi apparatus disturbance, could lead to glycosylation defects and/or mysfunction of this organelle, and thus be a cause of the main clinical manifestations of CS. The glycosylation status of CS serum proteins showed a very unusual pattern of glycosylation characterized by a significant accum…
Mouse Testican-2
2005
Mouse testican-2 was cloned, sequenced, and shown to be a proteoglycan with a multidomain structure closely similar to that of the human ortholog, previously described as a calcium binding extracellular matrix molecule of the BM-40/SPARC/osteonectin family (Vannahme, C., Schubel, S., Herud, M., Gosling, S., Hulsmann, H., Paulsson, M., Hartmann, U., and Maurer, P. (1999). J. Neurochem. 73, 12–20). Recombinant mouse testican-2 was used to prepare specific antibodies that allowed the detection of testican-2 in various brain structures but also in lung, testis, and in several endocrine glands. Although the testican-2 expressed in EBNA-293 cells carried both heparan sulfate and chondroitin/derma…