Search results for "glyphosate"

Seasonal effects on mortality rates and resprouting of stems treated with glyphosate in the invasive tree of heaven (Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swin…

2015

Tree of heaven (Ailanthus altissima) is regarded as invasive within urban and natural areas worldwide. Efficient methods to control it are significantly needed if we are to limit its well-known environmental and economic impacts. Up to now the use of herbicides has proven necessary since following mechanical damage, Ailanthus vigorously resprouts. However, the seasonal response of Ailanthus stems, treated with herbicides, has never been assessed. We compared the control efficacy recorded in autumn, winter and summer in an abandoned suburban citrus grove in Sicily, under Mediterranean-climate conditions. Glyphosate was injected within drill holes made in knee-high cut trees. Tree mortality a…

Biological evidence for a 1:1 Ca2+:glyphosate association in deposit residuals on the leaf surface of barley

2001

It has long been known that calcium ion antagonizes glyphosate, but it was not clear whether the stoichiometry of their interaction is 1:1 or 1:2. Two independent methods were used to determine which stoichiometry was the most probable. First, dose-response curves of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) plants treated with glyphosate were determined in the presence of 0, 1.25, 2.5, 5 and 10 mM CaCl 2 . The doses of 'free' glyphosate (=not inactivated by calcium ion) were computed using the assumptions of 1:1 and 1:2 stoechiometries. The response curves were redrawn as a function of 'free' glyphosate. Analysis showed that the 1:2 hypothesis could be rejected, whereas the 1:1 hypothesis was highly pro…

Evaluation of Glyphosate Ecotoxicity and Biodegradability in the Municipal Wastewaters

2018

Glyphosate (G) is a broad-spectrum systemic organophosphate herbicide being widely used to control weeds in agricultural fields and urban areas. Its safety for both human health and aquatic biomes is a subject of wide debate. This study was aimed at evaluating the removal efficiency and ecotoxicity of G based herbicide (GBH) Klinik® (Nufarm, Austria) added to the raw municipal wastewater (WW) in a lab-scale model column system. The effect of oxide ceramics as a filtering medium (treatment „B”), as well as activated sludge and nutrients (treatment „C”) was compared with the control columns, which contained only WW (treatment „A”). After 72h treatment of WW spiked with 100 mg/L G, the lowest …

Glyphosate dose modulates the uptake of inorganic phosphate by freshwater cyanobacteria

2017

The usefulness of glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine] as a source of nutritive phosphorus for species of halophilic cyanobacteria has been postulated for years. Our results indicate a stimulating effect of glyphosate on the growth of four out of five examined freshwater species, Anabaena variabilis (CCALA 007), Chroococcus minutus (CCALA 055), Fischerella cf. maior (CCALA 067) and Nostoc cf. muscorum (CCALA 129), in a manner dependent on the applied concentration. The most significant stimulation was observed at a dose of 0.1 mM glyphosate. The decrease in the amount of phosphonate, which correlated with microbial growth, demonstrated that glyphosate may play an important role in cyanob…

Les paradoxes du glufosinate et glyphosate. Comportement dans l'ambroisie à feuilles d'armoise

2006

BEHAVIOUR OF GLUFOSINATE ANDGLYPHOSATE IN COMMONRAGWEED:APPARENT PARADOXAND SURPRISES We examined the foliar epidermis of commonragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) plants and studied the behaviour of the herbicides glufosinate and glyphosate in this species. Both leaf surfaces exhibited 3 types of trichomes, according to their size and shape. Epicuticular waxes appeared amorphous, which may explain high levels of spray retention. Glufosinate and glyphosate were rapidly and almost completely taken up by common ragweed leaves; half maximum uptake was nearly reached after 5 and 3 h, respectively. The longest trichomes were stained with AgN03, indicating the presence of hydrophilic domains, wh…

Effects of a glyphosate-based herbicide on survival and oxidative status of a non-target herbivore, the Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlin…

2018

Abstract Glyphosate is the globally most used herbicide against a wide range of weeds. Glyphosate has been considered safe to animals as it mainly targets physiological pathways in plants. However, recent toxicological studies have revealed that glyphosate can cause various toxic effects also on animals. In this study, we investigated the direct toxic effects of a glyphosate-based herbicide (GBH, Roundup® Bio) on 1) survival and 2) oxidative status of a non-target herbivore by using Colorado potato beetles (Leptinotarsa decemlineata), originating from Poland and USA, as model species. Larvae were randomly divided into three groups: 1) high concentration (100% Roundup Bio, 360 g/l), 2) low c…

The toxicity of Roundup® 360 SL formulation and its main constituents: Glyphosate and isopropylamine towards non-target water photoautotrophs

2010

The toxicity of commercial formulation of Roundup® 360 SL, widely used, nonselective herbicide and its main constituents, glyphosate (PMG), equimolar (1:1) isopropylamine salt of glyphosate (GIPA) and isopropylamine (IPA) was examined towards eight aquatic microphotoautotrophs; seven cyanobacterial strains representing either saline or freshwater communities, and common eukaryotic algae Chlorella vulgaris Beijerinck. Autotrophs were cultured 21 days in their appropriate standard media supplemented with various amounts of Roundup®, glyphosate, GIPA and IPA. The determination of the growth of examined photoautotrophs was performed by time-course measurements of total chlorophyll content in ex…

Quick determination of Glyphosate and AMPA at sub µg/L in drinking water by direct injection into LC-MS/MS

2021

Abstract A sensitive, simple and quick method for the determination of glyphosate (Gly) and its degradation product, Aminomethyl phosphonic acid (AMPA), in water through ion chromatography coupled to quadrupole-linear ion trap mass spectrometry has been developed. Sample treatment was based on direct injection and acquisition was implemented in both MS2 and MS3 modes. The LoQs of the method were 0.03 µ/L for both Gly-and AMPA. The recoveries were between 91 and 118% and RSD was lower than 15%. The developed methodology was applied on 436 water samples.

El problema de la aplicación tardía del principio de precaución en las aspersiones aéreas con Glifosato contra cultivos de uso ilícito en Colombia: L…

Female preference and adverse developmental effects of glyphosate-based herbicides on ecologically relevant traits in Japanese quail

2019

Controversial glyphosate-based herbicides (GBHs) are the most frequently used herbicides globally. An increasing number of studies have identified GBH residues in soil, water and even human food that may expose non-target organism including wildlife, livestock, and humans to health risks. After a heated debate, European Union allowed the use of GBHs to continue until 2022, after which their risks will be re-evaluated. Thus, decision makers urgently need scientific evidence on GBH residues and their possible effects on ecosystems. An important, yet neglected, aspect is to assess whether animals show preference or avoidance for GBH contaminated food, as it can influence the likelihood of adve…