Search results for "gon"
showing 10 items of 6445 documents
Modulation of hippocampal acetylcholine release after fimbria-fornix lesions and septal transplantation in rats
1997
Abstract Female Long–Evans rats sustained electrolytic lesions of the fimbria and the dorsal fornix causing a partial lesion of the septohippocampal pathway. Two weeks later, the rats received intra-hippocampal grafts of fetal septal cell suspensions. Nine to twelve months later, the release of acetylcholine (ACh) in the hippocampus of sham-operated, lesion-only and grafted rats was measured by microdialysis. The extent of cholinergic (re)innervation was determined by acetylcholinesterase (AChE) staining and densitometry. In both lesion-only and grafted rats, the ratio of ACh release to AChE staining intensity was increased as compared to sham-operated rats, indicating a loss of endogenous …
Cigarette smoke alters non-neuronal cholinergic system components inducing MUC5AC production in the H292 cell line.
2013
Abstract Cigarette smoke extract (CSE) affects the expression of Choline Acetyl-Transferase (ChAT), muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, and mucin production in bronchial epithelial cells. Mucin 5AC (MUC5AC), muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3, ChAT expression, acetylcholine levels and acetylcholine binding were measured in a human pulmonary mucoepidermoid carcinoma cell line (H292) stimulated with CSE. We performed ChAT/RNA interference experiments in H292 cells stimulated with CSE to study the role of ChAT/acetylcholine in MUC5AC production. The effects of Hemicholinium-3 (HCh-3) (50 μM) (a potent and selective choline uptake blocker) and Tiotropium bromide (Spiriva ® ) (100 nM), alone o…
Procalcitonin for the diagnosis of invasive candidiasis: what is the evidence?
2017
Abstracts Procalcitonin is a widely used marker for the evaluation of infection and sepsis and to guide antibiotic therapy. During the last decade, several studies evaluated its role and diagnostic performance as a surrogate marker for the identification of Candida spp. in suspected invasive candidiasis. A low serum level and a favorable negative predictive value are the main findings for procalcitonin in this setting. The aim of this report is to provide an updated brief summary of the evidence supporting the use of PCT for the management of invasive candidiasis.
Impact of serotonin 2C receptor null mutation on physiology and behavior associated with nigrostriatal dopamine pathway function.
2009
The impact of serotonergic neurotransmission on brain dopaminergic pathways has substantial relevance to many neuropsychiatric disorders. A particularly prominent role has been ascribed to the inhibitory effects of serotonin 2C receptor (5-HT2CR) activation on physiology and behavior mediated by the mesolimbic dopaminergic pathway, particularly in the terminal region of the nucleus accumbens. The influence of this receptor subtype on functions mediated by the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway is less clear. Here we report that a null mutation eliminating expression of 5-HT2CRs produces marked alterations in the activity and functional output of this pathway. 5-HT2CR mutant mice displayed i…
Response to dopamine agonists of the rat isolated uterus.
1993
1. Quinpirole did not produce any effect in isolated uterus from oestrogenized rats even when it is contracted by KCl (37 mM). 2. Fenoldopam produced a relaxant effect on rat isolated uterus contracted by KCl which was not significantly modified by SCH 23390. 3. Reserpine decreased the effect of the lowest doses of fenoldopam. In reserpinized rats, propranolol (10(-9), 10(-8), 10(-7) M) antagonized the effect of the lowest doses of fenoldopam and neither SCH 23390, sulpiride nor ranitidine modified the effect of fenoldopam. 4. The results confirm our previous finding that DA1-receptors are not functional in our preparation. The effect of fenoldopam was partially due to a catecholamine-relea…
D2-dopamine receptor blockade modulates temporal resolution in goldfish.
2002
A possible effect of dopamine on the temporal resolution of goldfish was investigated in a behavioral, two-alternative, forced-choice procedure. Flicker fusion frequency (FFF) was measured before and after bilateral intravitreal injections of D1- or D2-dopamine receptor (D1-/D2-R) antagonists, or after depletion of retinal dopamine by bilateral intravitreal injections of the dopaminergic neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). Prior to drug injections, fish achieved FFFs of 33–39 Hz. A D1-R antagonist, SCH 23390, reduced FFF by about 12% (P > 0.1), whereas a D2 antagonist, sulpiride, reduced the relative FFF by 25% (P < 0.03). Depletion of retinal dopamine with 6-OHDA induced a gradual…
Investigation and management of Toxoplasma gondii infection in pregnancy and infancy: a prospective study.
2011
Aim:Toxoplasma gondii infection during pregnancy poses a serious risk to the fetus, therefore timely and accurate diagnosis is essential. The aim of this study was to estimate the frequency of congenital infection via evaluating mother's immunological status and the possibility to improving the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.Methods:Eighty five mothers with Toxoplasma seroconversion and their offspring were enrolled (among them, 2 spontaneous abortions were documented in the first trimester). Prenatal PCR diagnosis was carried out on 50 patients (60%), with 7 positive cases (14%). Morphological ultrasound scanning revealed anomalies in one fetus. Long-term follow-up included general …
Safety and tolerability of β3-adrenoceptor agonists in the treatment of overactive bladder syndrome - insight from transcriptosome and experimental s…
2016
We have reviewed the safety and tolerability of β3-adrenoceptor agonists, specifically mirabegron and solabegron, a newly emerging drug class for the treatment of the overactive bladder syndrome. We discuss them mechanistically in the context of expression and other preclinical data.Based on a systematic PubMed search, incidence of overall adverse events, hypertension, dry mouth, and constipation are comparable between mirabegron or solabegron and placebo. Hypertension is the most frequently observed adverse event, but has a similar incidence with mirabegron and placebo. Nevertheless, severe uncontrolled hypertension has become a contraindication for use of mirabegron based on observation o…
Do adolescents with long-term illnesses and disabilities have increased risks of sports related injuries?
2017
peer-reviewed Background: The aim of this study is to examine the rates of sports related injuries in adolescents based on the severity of their long-term illnesses or disabilities (LTID). Few injury prevention strategies in sports and health promotion have explored disaggregation by disability. Methods: Data obtained from the 2014 Finnish Health Behaviour in School-aged Children survey (n = 3716, mean age = 14.8, SD = 1.03) were grouped into adolescents with and without LTID. A further indicator or severity was determined when adolescents reported their LTID affected their participation (affected LTID). Odds ratio (95% CI) were used to determine the associations between sports related inju…
GLP-1 receptor agonists in NAFLD.
2017
IF 4.101; International audience; Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is very common in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), with approximately two-thirds having a diagnosis of the disease. Currently, the only validated treatment for NAFLD is weight loss. A number of studies of animal models and human trials have evaluated the effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) on liver fat content and suggest that the treatment could represent a new alternative for NAFLD management. In this review, our focus is on the main studies regarding the effects of GLP-1RAs on NAFLD. Also, the mechanisms that might explain their beneficial effects on liver diseases are analyzed.