Search results for "graafi"
showing 10 items of 35 documents
Lahden kaupunginorkesterin graafinen ilme cd-levykansi- ja julistesuunnittelussa
1998
Survey of methods to visualize alternatives in multiple criteria decision making problems
2012
When solving decision problems where multiple conflicting criteria are to be considered simultaneously, decision makers must compare several different alternatives and select the most preferred one. The task of comparing multidimensional vectors is very demanding for the decision maker without any support. Different graphical visualization tools can be used to support and help the decision maker in understanding similarities and differences between the alternatives and graphical illustration is a very important part of decision support systems that are used in solving multiple criteria decision making problems. The visualization task is by no means trivial because, on the one hand, the grap…
Instruction-based clinical eye-tracking study on the visual interpretation of divergence : how do students look at vector field plots?
2018
Relating mathematical concepts to graphical representations is a challenging task for students. In this paper, we introduce two visual strategies to qualitatively interpret the divergence of graphical vector field representations. One strategy is based on the graphical interpretation of partial derivatives, while the other is based on the flux concept. We test the effectiveness of both strategies in an instruction-based eye-tracking study with N = 41 physics majors. We found that students’ performance improved when both strategies were introduced (74% correct) instead of only one strategy (64% correct), and students performed best when they were free to choose between the two strategies (88…
Pintojen perusryhmistä
2015
Tässä tutkielmassa osoitetaan ennestään tunnettu pintoihin liittyvä tulos, jonka mukaan epäkompaktin pinnan perusryhmä on vapaa. Todistus pohjautuu tietoon siitä, että jokaisella pinnalla on olemassa niin sanottu kolmiointi. Pinnan kolmiointia hyödyntäen pinta tyhjennetään sopivilla sisäkkäisillä kompakteilla reunallisilla pinnoilla siten, että pinnan perus ryhmä saadaan näiden kompaktien reunallisten pintojen sisäkkäisten pe rusryhmien yhdisteenä. Kompakti reunallinen pinta osoitetaan homotopia ekvivalentiksi graafin kanssa deformaatioretraktoimalla reunallinen pinta graafiksi reunallisen pinnan kolmiointia hyödyntäen. Koska homotopiaekvi valenttien avaruuksien perusryhmät ovat isomorfiset…
Graafiset käyttöliittymät hajautetussa sovelluskehyksessä
2006
Simplifying Probabilistic Expressions in Causal Inference
2018
Obtaining a non-parametric expression for an interventional distribution is one of the most fundamental tasks in causal inference. Such an expression can be obtained for an identifiable causal effect by an algorithm or by manual application of do-calculus. Often we are left with a complicated expression which can lead to biased or inefficient estimates when missing data or measurement errors are involved. We present an automatic simplification algorithm that seeks to eliminate symbolically unnecessary variables from these expressions by taking advantage of the structure of the underlying graphical model. Our method is applicable to all causal effect formulas and is readily available in the …