Search results for "graafi"

Moderni graafinen suunnittelu 1930-luvun mainosjulisteissa : modernin unelma, tulevaisuuden maailma

2001

Survey of methods to visualize alternatives in multiple criteria decision making problems

2012

When solving decision problems where multiple conflicting criteria are to be considered simultaneously, decision makers must compare several different alternatives and select the most preferred one. The task of comparing multidimensional vectors is very demanding for the decision maker without any support. Different graphical visualization tools can be used to support and help the decision maker in understanding similarities and differences between the alternatives and graphical illustration is a very important part of decision support systems that are used in solving multiple criteria decision making problems. The visualization task is by no means trivial because, on the one hand, the grap…

Simplifying Probabilistic Expressions in Causal Inference

2018

Obtaining a non-parametric expression for an interventional distribution is one of the most fundamental tasks in causal inference. Such an expression can be obtained for an identifiable causal effect by an algorithm or by manual application of do-calculus. Often we are left with a complicated expression which can lead to biased or inefficient estimates when missing data or measurement errors are involved. We present an automatic simplification algorithm that seeks to eliminate symbolically unnecessary variables from these expressions by taking advantage of the structure of the underlying graphical model. Our method is applicable to all causal effect formulas and is readily available in the …

Jyväskylän grafiikan paja : kehittyminen valtakunnalliseksi grafiikan keskukseksi 1978-1988

1998

Halutun yhtenäisen yrityskuvan edistäminen : visuaalisen yrityskuvatyöprosessin luonne ja visuaalisen yrityskuvan periaatteet Helsingin Energian yrit…

2004

The spanning tree based approach for solving the shortest path problem in social graphs

2016

This thesis is devoted to the shortest path problem in social graphs. Social graphs represent individuals and social relationships between them. As for social networking sites, their users are represented as vertices of the social graph, and the relationship which indicates whether two users are friends in the social networking site are represented as edges of the social graph. Therefore, social graphs are widely investigated by sociologists in order to determine rules and properties of various social processes. Analysis of such social graphs may be used in prediction of results of election, or recommendation systems. Calculation of many social graph metrics requires computation of shortest…

Instruction-based clinical eye-tracking study on the visual interpretation of divergence : how do students look at vector field plots?

2018

Relating mathematical concepts to graphical representations is a challenging task for students. In this paper, we introduce two visual strategies to qualitatively interpret the divergence of graphical vector field representations. One strategy is based on the graphical interpretation of partial derivatives, while the other is based on the flux concept. We test the effectiveness of both strategies in an instruction-based eye-tracking study with N = 41 physics majors. We found that students’ performance improved when both strategies were introduced (74% correct) instead of only one strategy (64% correct), and students performed best when they were free to choose between the two strategies (88…

The Black Block : Opaque Page as a Graphic Device

2019

The black block, a rectangle of black printing ink on the page of a book, surrounded by blank margins, is a peculiar graphic device. Its literary tradition has usually been considered to start from Tristram Shandy, which includes a renowned black page in memory of “poor Yorick”. Nevertheless, Sterne’s gimmick can be seen as an allusion to an older typographical tradition of the so-called mourning pages, which were featured in books remembering the departed decades before Tristram Shandy. In this article, we analyze the ways in which the black block is used in narrative literature, with examples chosen mainly from 20th century experimental fiction. The block proves ambivalent in that it seem…

Syvyysvihjeiden vaikutus visuaaliseen hakuun graafisessa käyttöliittymässä

2000

Evaluating similarity measures for gaze patterns in the context of representational competence in physics education

2018

The competent handling of representations is required for understanding physics' concepts, developing problem-solving skills, and achieving scientific expertise. Using eye-tracking methodology, we present the contributions of this paper as follows: We first investigated the preferences of students with the different levels of knowledge; experts, intermediates, and novices, in representational competence in the domain of physics problem-solving. It reveals that experts more likely prefer to use vector than other representations. Besides, a similar tendency of table representation usage was observed in all groups. Also, diagram representation has been used less than others. Secondly, we evalu…